The whole human skull is called the cranium.
![human skull](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Caucasian_Human_Skull.jpg)
(from: wikipedia - human skull)
The part of the human skull that protects and holds your brain is called the neurocranium.
It is sometimes also called the braincase or brainpan.
![neurocranium](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Cranial_bones_en.svg/320px-Cranial_bones_en.svg.png)
(from: wikipedia - neurocranium)