Lava lake

We just learned about a Lava Fountain.

A lava lake is a large crater or hole filled with lava.

Sometimes lava lakes happen after an eruption that just fills up a crater,
and sometimes they happen because lava flows along the ground and fills up a hole.

(from: wikipedia - lava lake)


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Lava Fountain

A lava fountain is like a big fountain of lava erupting from a fissure vent.


(from: wikipedia - lava)


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Mud Volcano

We just learned about the Submarine Volcano.

Mud volcanoes are not like other volcanoes because they do not erupt lava.

But they have similar shape, and they do erupt with hot muddy water!

(from: wikipedia - mud volcano)


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Submarine Volcano

We just learned about the Volcanic Crater.

Sometimes volcanoes are underwater!

An underwater volcano is called a submarine volcano.


(from: wikipedia - submarine volcano)


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Lunar Lava Tube

We just learned about Lunar Soil.

A while back we learned how lava tubes on earth are tunnels underground formed by lava channels.

There are also lava tubes on the moon!

Scientists think they could make great places for astronauts to live if we ever have people stay on the moon.


(from: wikipedia - lunar lava tube)


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Volcanic Crater

We just learned about the Lava Tube.

A volcanic crater is a bowl shaped hole in the ground that was created by lava from a volcano.

Sometimes the crater is part of the inside of the volcano, but sometimes it's just a hole in the ground.


(from: wikipedia - volcanic crater)


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Lava Tube

After lava erupts from a volcano and is flowing in a lava channel, sometimes the top of the lava cools down and becomes hard, but there is still hot lava flowing underneath.

This makes a tunnel in the ground, called a lava tube.


(from: wikipedia - lava tube)


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Lava channel

We just learned about a Fissure Vent.

A lava channel is like a river of flowing lava.


(from: wikipedia - lava channel)


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Fissure vent

We just learned about the type of volcano called a Shield Volcano.

Sometimes lava erupts right out of the ground, not from a large volcano.

When it comes up from a big crack in the ground it is called a Fissure Vent.

(from: wikipedia - fissure vent)


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Shield Volcanoes

We learned before about stratovolcanoes and how they are tall and cone shaped.

When a volcano is much flatter, it's called a shield volcano.

Shield volcanoes are made up mostly of hardened lava flows.

(from: wikipedia - shield volcano)


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Lunar Domes

We've learned about the moon's highlands, maria and rille.

What about volcanoes on the moon?

There are no active volcanoes there, but there are some old ones that we call lunar domes.

The lava from the volcanoes is what made the rilles that we already learned about,
and the dark maria areas are from when lava flowed long ago.

The lunar domes look like circle shaped lumps or holes on the moon.

(from: wikipedia - geology of the moon)


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Stratovolcano

We just learned about Pillow Lava underwater.

Volcanoes come in different shapes and sizes.

If a volcano is tall and shaped like a cone, it is usually made up of hardened tephra, lava and ash.

We call that type a stratovolcano.

(from: wikipedia - stratovolcano)



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Pillow Lava

We just learned about Igneous Rocks that are made from lava.

Sometimes volcanoes can be underwater!

When they erupt, they make what is called pillow lava, because the lava rocks end up looking like pillows.

(from: wikipedia - pillow lava)


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Igneous Rocks

We just learned about Volcanic Ash that comes out of volcanoes.

When hot lava cools down and turns into rock,
that type of rock is called igneous rock.


(from: wikipedia - igneous rock)



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Volcanic Ash

We just learned about the rocks that are thrown from volcanoes called Tephra

Volcanic Ash is the smoky cloud that comes up from a volcano when it erupts.
Even though it just looks like smoke or steam,
the ash is actually made up of tiny bits of rock that are floating through the air.


(from: wikipedia - volcanic ash)

Volcanic Ash isn't like lava where it will melt everything in it's path,
but it can shoot out and cover areas for almost a thousand miles.
It can make animals or people sick, and just make a big mess covering everything up in a black mush.

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Tephra

We just learned about volcano Lava Domes.

When volcanoes erupt, sometimes they shoot out pieces of rock in the air.

These rocks are called tephra.


(from: wikipedia - tephra)

Sometimes volcanoes can shoot rocks almost a mile away from the eruption!



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Lava Domes

We just learned about Pāhoehoe lava.

Let's learn about Lava domes!

Lava domes are kind of like big round bumps that show up in volcanoes, when lava is slowly erupting.

You can almost think of it like a big rock bubble that is ready to pop!

(from: wikipedia - lava dome)


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Pāhoehoe lava

We just learned that ʻAʻā lava is a type of lava with big chunks of rock floating in it.

Another type of lava is called Pāhoehoe, pronounced like pah-ho-ee ho-ee.

Pāhoehoe lava is smooth and looks almost like rope or some sort of gooey thick stuff.

(from: wikipedia - lava)


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ʻAʻā Lava

Did you know that there are different types of lava?

One type of lava is called ʻAʻā, pronounced like ah ah.

ʻAʻā means rough, stoney lava.
The lava looks rough, and has blocks in it that are called clinkers.


(from: wikipedia - lava)



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Magma

We learned that when a volcano erupts, it shoots out lava which is melted rock.

But where does that lava come from?

Underneath the ground below the volcano, the melted rock is called magma.

(from: wikipedia - magma)

Once it shoots out from the volcano we call it lava, but underground it is called magma.

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