Axel Oxenstierna and History - Sergel

We just learned about the famous sculpture of George Washington by Jean-Antoine Houdon, in 1785.

Another Neoclassical sculpture is the bronze statue of Axel Oxenstierna and History by Swedish sculptor Johan Tobias Sergel in 1772 in Stockholm Sweden.

Oxenstierna was one of the important people that worked for the King of Sweden, so Sergel sculpted the famous mythological character of History as a person who was writing down all of the things that Oxenstierna told him that the king did.


(from: wikipedia - johan tobias sergel)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Stenkvista Runestone

Greek - Very good thanks, and you?

We just learned to say How are you? in Greek, Τι κάνεις? (Ti káneis?)

and Very good thanks is Πολύ καλά, ευχαριστώ. (Polý kalá, efcharistó)

To be polite you should also ask how the other person is doing.

And you? - εσύ (esý) - sounds like eh-see

εσύ really just means "you". People don't usually say "And you" in Greek, they just say "You?".
Just for fun, the word for And is: και - (kai) - sounds like kay.


So with all that we've learned so far, we could understand a meeting between two people like this:

Γεώργιος (Geórgios) the Greek name for George, sounds like "Yor-yoh-ss"
Μαρία (María) the Greek name for Mary, sounds like "Mah-dee-ah"

Γεώργιος: Γειά σου!
Μαρία: Χαίρετε! Τι κάνεις?
Γεώργιος: Πολύ καλά, ευχαριστώ. εσύ?
Μαρία: Πολύ καλά, ευχαριστώ. Αντίο
Γεώργιος: Καλημέρα!


The letters for these new words are:

ε (epsilon) σ (sigma) ύ (upsilon)
κ (kappa) α (alpha) ι (iota)


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)


ASL: Very Good Thanks, and You?

Italian: Molto bene, grazie.

German: Sehr gut, danke. Und Sie?

Spanish: Muy bien gracias. ¿Y tú?

French: Très bien, merci. Et vous?

Doublet Earthquake

We just learned about the Blind Thrust.

Another type of earthquake is the Doublet Earthquake.

We learned before that most earthquakes have a big mainshock, with a smaller beginning called a foreshock, and a smaller quake after called the aftershock.

Sometimes two big earthquakes happen at the same time very near each other.
When this happens, it's like a double quake, just like the name doublet earthquake.
So when this happens there are two foreshocks, two mainshocks and two aftershocks.
It can be very hard for seismologists to figure out which quakes came from which fault.


(from: wikipedia - doublet earthquake)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Iron Ore

Stony Creek Frog

We just learned about the Rhacophorus that lays its eggs in foam in a tree.

Another type of frog is the Litoria Wilcoxii, also known as the Stony Creek Frog or Wilcox Frog.

This type of frog lives in Australia.

They have a special nose, with the nostrils right at the end so they can stick just the tip of their nose out of the water and hide the rest of their body under water to stay away from predators.

(from: wikipedia - litoria wilcoxii)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Anaconda

Radiate Ligament of Head of Rib

We just learned about the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament that goes down the back of the spine.

Another piece of connective tissue is the Radiate Ligament of Head of Rib.

This ligament connects the rib bone to the vertebrae on your spine.


(from: wikipedia - radiate ligament of head of rib)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Intercostal Nerves

Oaxaca

We just learned about the Mexico state of Michoacán, home of the Purépecha long ago.

Another Mexico state is Oaxaca.
This state is on the south part of Mexico, on the Pacific Ocean.


(from: wikipedia - oaxaca)

The coat of arms of Oaxaca has a red background, for the freedom of the people.
At the top is the coat of arms of Mexico.
The coat of arms has seven stars for the seven regions of the state.
In the middle are three areas. The left is for the fruits and flowers from the Leucaena leucocephela tree, and the face of a native.
The right has a side view of a palace in Mitla, and a Dominican cross.
On the bottom are two strong arms breaking a chain, for the battle for freedom of the Oaxacan people.

The words on the seal say: "El respeto al derecho ajeno es la paz" which means "Respect for the rights of others is peace"
and "Estado libre y soberano de Oaxaca" which means "Free and sovereign state of Oaxaca".


(from: wikipedia - oaxaca)

Oaxaca is the state that has the most wind power in all of Mexico, and the Eurus Wind Farm in Juchitán de Zaragoza is the largest wind farm in all of Latin America.


(from: wikipedia - oaxaca)

There are many ancient places in Oaxaca, like the pyramids in Monte Albán.


(from: wikipedia - monte albán)

Another ancient place is a palace in a place called Mitla.


(from: wikipedia - mitla)

Since Oaxaca is on the ocean, it has some beautiful coast areas, like Punta Cometa.


(from: wikipedia - oaxaca)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Pacific Coast Belt

Mar Agwin

We just learned about the Theodore the Studite and his iconoclasm.

Another famous monk was Mar Awgin.

He was one of the first monks to make a monastery in the east, and spread the way of the monks into Asia, even as far as India and China.

His most famous monastery is in Mt. Izla.


(from: wikipedia - mar agwin)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Abraham

George Washington - Houdon

We just learned about the Nicolaus Copernicus Monument by Danish Bertel Thorwaldsen in Poland.

Another famous sculpture is the bust of George Washington by French artist Jean-Antoine Houdon, in 1785.
A "bust" is a sculpture of just the head and shoulders of a person.

Houdon was a famous sculptor in France, and he really liked the people at the time that were pushing for better knowledge, freedom and making lives better, so he made sculptures of people like Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington.

George Washington sat for this sculpture with Houdon, where he made clay models and a plaster mask of Washington.

The models that Houdon used were reused many times for other sculptures of Washington through the years.


(from: wikipedia - jean-antoine houdon)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Gero Cross

Greek - How are you?

We just learned some greetings in Greek, like Γειά σου (Geiá sou), Χαίρετε (Chairete), Αντίο (Antío) and Καλημέρα (Kaliméra), Καλησπέρα (Kalispéra), Καληνυχτα - (Kalinychta).

If you want to say How are you? in Greek, you would say:

Τι κάνεις? (Ti káneis?) - sounds like tee-KAH-nee-ss

To respond and say Very good thanks, you would say

Πολύ καλά, ευχαριστώ. (Polý kalá, efcharistó) - sounds like poh-LEE-kah-LAH, ef-kha-dee-STOH


The letters for these words are:

Τ (tau) ι (iota) κ (kai) ά (alpha) ν (nu) ε (epsiolon) ι (iota) ς (sigma)
Π (pi) ο (omicron) λ (lambda) ύ (upsilon) κ (kappa) α (alpha) λ (lambda) ά (alpha)
ε (epsilon) υ (upsilon) χ (chi) α (alpha) ρ (rho) ι (iota) σ (sigma) τ (tau) ώ (omega)


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)

ASL: How are you?

Italian: Come va? Molto bene, grazie.

German: Wie geht es Ihnen? Sehr gut, danke.

Spanish: ¿Cómo estás? Muy bien, gracias.

French: Comment allez-vous? Très bien, merci.

Blind Thrust

We just learned about the Thrust Fault where the earth slips in the reverse direction.

One type of earthquake is a Blind Thrust earthquake.

Usually earthquakes happen in places where there are faults that have been mapped out, so people know where they are and know what to expect.

Sometimes earthquakes happen in areas where people did not think there were any faults, so it is like a blind earthquake because no one was expecting it, and no one was looking there for an earthquake.


(from: wikipedia - blind thrust earthquake)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Heat Treatment

Rhacophorus

We just learned about the Wallace's Flying Frog.

Another type of frog is the Rhacophorus.

This is another type of flying frog that has webbing in between it's toes.


(from: wikipedia - rhacophorus)

These frogs live in the trees, and lay their eggs in a type of spongy foam in the tree.
When the eggs hatch, the tadpoles drop out of the sponge, and drop down to the water below.


(from: wikipedia - rhacophorus arboreus)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Timor Python

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

We just learned about the Invertebral Disc that gives padding on the spine.

Another ligament that helps cushion the spine and hold it in place is the Posterior longitudinal ligament.
This connective tissue goes up and down in the middle of the spine.


(from: wikipedia - posterior longitudinal ligament)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Intercostal Nerves

Michoacán

We just learned about the Mexico State of Neuvo León.

Another Mexico State is Michoacán.

This state is on the south west part of Mexico, on the Pacific Ocean.
It's name means place of the fishermen.

(from: wikipedia - michoacán)

The coat of arms has a fish at the top for the place of fishermen. On the left is a person on horseback for the famous General José María Morelos y Pavón.
On the right are three crowns for the history of the Purépecha empire.
The bottom left and right are for the workers and people of the state.

(from: wikipedia - michoacán)

There are ancient pyramids called yacatas in the area called Tzintzuntzan

(from: wikipedia - tzintzuntzan (mesoamerican site))

The Sierra madre del sur mountains go through the state, along the ocean front.

(from: wikipedia - michoacán)

Before the Spanish came in to Mexico, the Purépecha people lived there

(from: wikipedia - tarascan state)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: North American Cordillera

Theodore the Studite

We just learned about the Ladder of Divine Ascent with 30 steps to follow to be a good Christian.

Another famous Monks was Theodore the Studite.

He was a monk in the city of Constantinople, which was the city in charge of all of the churches at the time.
Theodore was the first monk to say that there should be no slavery.
He also fought against the church using paintings called "icons", that were of Jesus or the apostles or other famous followers.
Instead of these icons he said they should use symbols like the cross.
There was a big argument with other church people, and it had a big name called the iconoclasm.


(from: wikipedia - theodore the studite)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Noah

Nicolaus Copernicus Monument - Thorwaldsen

We just learned about the Arc de Triomphe by Jean-Pierre Cortot in Paris, France.

Another neoclassical sculpture is the statue of Copernicus by Bertel Thorwaldsen.

Copernicus was a Polish astronomer, famous for telling everyone that the sun was the middle of our galaxy, because people used to think the earth was at the middle.

Bertel Thorwaldsen was a famous sculptor, and was given the job to make this famous statue honoring Copernicus.

During World War II, the nazi army took the statue down and had plans to melt it, but they lost the war before they melted it down so the Polish people put the statue back up.


(from: wikipedia - nicolaus copernicus monument, warsaw)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Golden Madonna of Essen

Greek - Good Morning

We just learned a few ways to say hello and goodbye in Greek, like Γειά σου (Geiá sou), Χαίρετε (Chairete), and Αντίο (Antío).

Sometimes you might want to say good morning, good afternoon, or good night.

Good Morning/Day - Καλημέρα (Kaliméra) - sounds like kah-lee-may-dah

Good Afternoon/Evening - Καλησπέρα (Kalispéra) - sounds like kah-lee-spay-dah

Good Night - Καληνυχτα (Kalinychta) - sounds like kah-lee-nich-tah


The letters for these words are:

Κ (Kappa) α (alpha) λ (lambda) η (iota) μ (mu) έ (epsilon) ρ (rho) α (alpha)
Κ (Kappa) α (alpha) λ (lambda) η (iota) σ (sigma) π (pi) έ (epsilon) ρ (rho) α (alpha)
Κ (Kappa) α (alpha) λ (lambda) η (iota) ν (nu) υ (upsilon) χ (chi) τ (tau) α (alpha)


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)

ASL: Good Morning, Good Day, Good Evening, Good Night

Italian: buongiorno, buon pomeriggio, buonasera, buona notte

German: Guten Morgen, Guten Tag, Guten Abend, Gute Nacht

Spanish: Buenos días, buenos tardes, buenas noches

French: bonjour, bonsoir, bonne nuit

Thrust Fault

We just learned about the Aftershock that happens after the biggest part of the earthquake.

We've learned about the Dip Slip fault before.

Another fault type is a Thrust Fault.
This is a lot like the dip-slip, but the slip goes in the opposite direction.
Sometimes they even call it a reverse thrust fault.


(from: wikipedia - thrust fault)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Forge Welding

Wallace's Flying Frog

We just learned about the Mission Golden-eyed Tree Frog or Amazon Milk Frog.

Another type of frog is Wallace's Flying Frog.

It is only about 100 milimeters long, and has long toes with webbing in between.
With these big feet that are almost like wings, this frog can float like a parachute down from trees, or even jump and glide from tree to tree.

These are very bright and colorful frogs, with a shiny green back, a yellow or white belly, and yellow coloring on it's toes.


(from: wikipedia - wallace's flying frog)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Mandarin Ratsnake

Intervertebral Disc

We just learned about the connective tissue the Supraspinous Ligament that goes over the back of your spine.

Another piece of connective tissue is the Intervertebral Disc, or the Intervertebral Fibrocartilage.

This is the piece of cartilage that is in between each of your vertebrae in your spine.

These discs protect each of your vertebrae from bumping against each other, and also helps hold them together.
They also work like shock absorbers so when you are jumping up and down, all the vertebrae in your spine have soft cushions between them.


(from: wikipedia - intervertebral disc)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Cervical Plexus

Nuevo León

We just learned about the Mexico State of Chiapas.

Another Mexico state is Nuevo León, which means New Lion, and is named after the state in Spain called León.

This state is north part of Mexico, and has one small 9 mile stretch where it connects to the US at the state of Texas.


(from: wikipedia - nuevo león)

The coat of arms for Nuevo León shows the Cerro de la Silla mountains, next a lion for the state's name.
Below that is the temple of San Francisco which was part of Nuevo León but is now in Texas.
Next to the temple are chimneys showing the workers of Mexico.
In the borders are old weapons from the warriors from long ago, and chains for the group of all the people working together.
On the bottom is a ribbon that says "Semper Ascendens" which means "Always Ascending".

(from: wikipedia - nuevo león)

La Huasteca is a place where a lot of people like to go rock climbing.


(from: wikipedia - la huasteca (climbing area))

Cerro de la Silla which means hill of the chair is a mountain area where a lot of people like to go hiking.


(from: wikipedia - cerro de la silla)

The state has a large farm of wind turbines that can bring electricity to over 630,000 homes.


(from: wikipedia - nuevo león)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Saint Elias Mountains

Ladder of Divine Ascent

We just learned about the Lavra caves for monks.

Another part of the life of monks was a writing called the Ladder of Divine Ascent.

This was a book that gave people some rules and ideas about things they should do to be better servants of God.

There were 30 steps to the ladder, and they covered things like obeying God, asking for forgiveness, not doing bad things, not thinking you are better than other people, and inner peace.

Many monks read these words and tried to follow them to be better servants.


(from: wikipedia - ladder of divine ascent)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Abel

Arc de Triomphe - Cortot

We just learned about the Rococo or Rocaille sculpture Sèvres pot-pourri vase in the shape of a ship by Duplessis in Paris 1757.

In art history, after Rococo came a type of art called NeoClassicism, which tried to make simple and pleasing all around.

One of the most famous Neoclassical sculptures is the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France in 1806 by sculptor Jean-Pierre Cortot.

This arch was built to honor the people who fought and died for France.
The names of hundreds of soldiers are engraved all around the arch.

There are many sculptures all around the arch, like the four very detailed groups of sculptures on the pillars.
The sides have six relief sculptures, the arches have detailed sculptures, and even the ceiling of the arch has 21 sculpted roses.

The arch is in the middle of a part of the city with many roads leading to it.





(from: wikipedia - arc de triomphe)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Archangel Ivory

Greek - Hello and Goodbye

We've now learned a whole year of ASL!
Wow!

Let's try another language now, how about Greek?

Greek is very different from the other written languages we know, because it's letters are very different.
Some of them are like English, like A and B, but others are very different, like Θ or Ξ!

Let's try to learn some words, and along the way we'll try to learn how to pronounce the letters too.

First let's learn how to say hello and goodbye.
There are a few ways to say Hello.

Hi - Γειά σου (Geiá sou) - Sounds like Yah-soo
This is like saying Hi to your friends.
It means "To your health", so you can say this for goodbye also.

Hello - Χαίρετε (Chairete) - Sounds like Hee-ay-day-tay
This is like saying hello to a grownup.
It means "Be happy", so you can say this for goodbye also.

Bye - Αντίο (Antío) - Sounds like Ah-dee-oh

The letters for these words are:

Γ (Gamma) ε (Epsilon) ι (Iota) ά (Alpha) σ (Sigma) ο (Omicron) υ (Upsilon)

Χ (Chi) α (Alpha) ί (Iota) ρ (Rho) ε (Epsilon) τ (Tau) ε (Epsilon)

Α (Alpha) ν (Nu) τ (Tau) ί (Iota) ο (Omicron)


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)

ASL: Hello and Goodbye

Italian: Ciao, arrivederci

German: Hallo, Auf Wiedersehen

Spanish: Hola! Adiós!

French: Bonjour! Au Revoir!