Rajagopuram

We just learned about the Elephanta Caves.

Another famous Indian sculpture is the Rajagopuram Gopuram.

A gopuram is a tower with a lot of sculptures all over it, that is at the entrance of a Hindu temple.
The sculptures are usually telling Hindu stories, and have hundreds of sculptures all over them.

There are many gopurams all over India at different temples, but the tallest one is at the Ranganathaswamy Temple, in Srirangam, Tamil Nadu, India.

This temple area has 21 different gopurams around it that have been built over time for hundreds of years.
The tallest one in the temple is the Rajagopuram, which is 240 feet high was built in 1987.


(from: wikipedia - ranganathaswamy temple, srirangam)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Vajrasana, Bodh Gaya

Norwegian - They are excited

We just learned that in Norwegian I am happy is jeg er glad,
you are sad is Du er lei deg, and he is angry is Han er sint.

Let's learn how to say they are excited.

De er begeistret

They - De - Sounds like day

are - er - Sounds like ah-r

excited - begeistret - Sounds like bay-gay-s-treh-t

So all together De er begeistret sounds like day ah-r bay-gay-s-treh-t.


(from: wikipedia - norwegian language)

Greek: Είναι ενθουσιασμένοι

ASL: They are excited

Italian: Sono eccitati

German: Sie sind aufgeregt

Spanish: Ellos estan emocionados

French: Ils sont excité

SM-65 Atlas

We just learned about the R-7 Rockets.

Another famous rocket in history is the SM-65 Atlas.

After the Russians had developed missiles that could go from one continent to another, the USA worked to try and do the same so they could have the same kinds of weapons.

The SM-65 Atlas was the first rocket that the US made that was an ICBM, meaning it could fly all the way to another continent.

It was made in 1959, was over 75 feet tall, and weighed over 260,000 pounds.
The rocket fuel was liquid oxygen, held in thin stainless steel tanks that were held in place by the pressure of being full of fuel like a balloon.
It used radio guidance to keep it's path, and vernier rockets to help make small steering changes.

This rocket type was used for many years, and was the one used for the Mercury space program that launched American astronauts into orbit.


(from: wikipedia - sm-65 atlas)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Richter Magnitude Scale

Flower Hat Jelly

We just learned about the Crystal Jelly.

Another type of Jellyfish is the Flower Hat Jelly.

These jellies live in the Pacific ocean near Japan and South Korea.
The grownup jellies only live for a few months.

They rest on the bottom of the ocean during the day, then at night they float up to catch their prey, like small fish.
It's bell is mostly clear with a few darker stripes on it.
Around the bell it has tentacles around the rim of their bell that it can use to sting prey.
If a person gets stung by a flower hat jelly they will usually just get a painful rash.

A full grown jelly can grow to be about 6 inches wide.
When they are just starting to grow up, they are usually less than 1 inch wide.




(from: wikipedia - flower hat jelly)


Welcoming Flower-hat Jellies! - Tennessee Aquarium


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Coconut Octopus

Fungiform Papillae

We just learned about the Filiform Papillae.

Another type of lingual papillae is the Fungiform Papillae.

Remember the lingual papillae are the bumps on the top of your tongue, and there are a few different types.

The fungiform papillae are shaped like a club, and are usually red.
They are mixed in along with all of the filiform papillae, but they are mostly found on the tip and sides of the tongue.

These bumps have taste buds, and can sense the five different tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami.



(from: wikipedia - lingual papillae)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Knee Ligaments

Castillo de Colomares

We just learned about the Chillon Castle.

Another famous castle is Castillo de Colomares, in Benalmádena, Spain in 1987 by an American doctor named Dr Esteban Martín Martín.

This is actually a monument, not really a castle.
It was built to honor the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus.

At a size of 1,500 square meters it is the largest monument to Christopher Columbus, but it also has a tiny church inside that is only 1.96 square meters.

It was made in a way to try and look like some of the different building and castle styles from when Columbus made his journey.
There are also parts of the monument shaped like a boat, for the trip he made across the ocean.






(from: wikipedia - castillo de colomares)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Zacatecas

Decian Persecution

We just learned about the Antilegomena.

Another part of early Christian history is the Decian Persecution.

In the year 250 AD, there was a Roman emperor named Decius.
Persecution means being treated badly, usually because of something you believe in.

He did not believe in Jesus and did not want anyone to worship anyone else except for mythological Roman gods like Jupiter.
So he made it a law that everyone in the country had to make a sacrifice to the Roman gods.
If they would not do it, they would be killed.

There were even some people that the emperor liked very much that were killed.
Mercurius was a soldier in the Roman army who helped Decius win battles, but was a Christian and refused to make sacrifices to Roman idols.

Even though Decius liked Mercurius, he still had him killed.
Many Christians had to go into hiding during this time to survive, and many were killed because of this persecution.


(from: wikipedia - decian persecution)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: James son of Alpheus

Elephanta Caves

We just learned about the Ellora - Jain Caves.

Another work of ancient Indian art is the Elephanta Caves.

Just like the Ellora caves, these are caves with ancient carvings going back to before 200 AD.
There are many caves with many different statues, and some statues that are over 20 feet tall.

Most of the caves have Hindu sculptures, and the entrances to the caves all have columns with special carvings on them.
There are more than a dozen sculpted walls in these caves, each telling a different Hindu story, and the whole cave area covers over 60,000 square feet.

The caves get their name from a giant elephant sculpture that was found at the site.





(from: wikipedia - elephanta caves)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Bimaran Casket

Norwegian - He is angry

We just learned that in Norwegian I am happy is jeg er glad,
and you are sad is Du er lei deg.

Now let's learn how to say He is angry.

Han er sint

He - Han - sounds like han
is - er - sounds like eh-r
angry - sint - Sounds like sih-nt

So all together Han er sint sounds like han eh-r sih-nt.


(from: wikipedia - norwegian language)

Greek: Είναι θυμωμένος

ASL: He is angry

Italian: Lui è arrabbiato

German: Er ist wütend

Spanish: Él está enojado

French: Il est en colère

R-7 Rockets

We just learned about the PGM-11 Redstone.

Another type of rocket from history is the R-7 Rocket.
Sometimes it's called the R-7 Semyorka, because the Russian word for seven is "Семёрка" which sounds like Semyorka.

After World War II when the Russians brought German scientists to work for their country making missiles, they learned a lot about making missiles, and made the R-1, R-2, and R-5 missiles.
Then they sent the Germans home and started making their own missiles.

The Russians made a missile called the R-7, and it was the first "ICBM" missile which stands for "Intercontinental Ballistic Missile".
This means it could be launched from one continent like Europe or Asia, and fly all the way in the air to land on another continent like North America.

For the first time in history, someone could launch a missile from over 5,000 miles away to bomb another city.
Because this was such a scary thing, it pushed the scientists in the USA to try and make their own ICBMs to fight back if they were being bombed from across the Atlantic ocean.

The R-7 rocket was not just used for war, it was used for space exploration.
Sputnik was the first satellite to be launched into space to orbit the earth.
In 1957 the Russians used a type of R-7 rocket to launch it up into space.
This also pushed the other countries of the world like the USA to make rockets for space exploration.



(from: wikipedia - r-7 (rocket family))


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Seismogram

Crystal Jelly

We just learned about the Upside Down Jellyfish.

Another type of jellyfish is the Crystal Jelly.

This type of jelly is mostly clear, with lines called radial lines in the bell part of its body called the bell that help it swim.

Around the outside of the bell are small tentacles that it uses to sting its prey, but the sting does not hurt humans.

It's mouth is hanging down in the middle, and this jelly eats very tiny things like plankton or barnacles.

They live mostly in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of California.



(from: wikipedia - aequorea victoria)


Crystal Jellyfish Are Clearly Awesome! - Monterey Bay Aquarium


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: European Squid

Filiform Papillae

We just learned about the Taste Buds.

Another part of the tongue is the Filiform Papillae.

The lingual papillae that we learned about come in a few different shapes and sizes.
One of those is the filiform papillae, which are small and cone shaped, with small threads at the top.

These papillae do not have any taste buds, they are only used by the tongue for feeling, and to give the tongue a rough feeling.

The tongue has more filiform papillae than any other type of papillae.



(from: wikipedia - lingual papillae)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Hip Femur Ligaments

Chillon Castle

We just learned about the Kilkenny Castle.

Another famous castle is the Chillon Castle, built in Veytaux Switzerland in 1005 AD.

It is built on a small island, right on the edge of Lake Geneva.

When it was first made, it was built to defend some of the valleys and roads in the area, but later on was used as a prison for some famous people.

The prince's castle in the Disney movie The Little Mermaid was made to look like this castle.





(from: wikipedia - chillon castle)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Durango

Antilegomena

We just learned about the Muratorian Fragment.

Another part of the early Christians working on the Bible is called Antilegomena.

When people were trying to collect all of the writings about Jesus and what happened to him and after him, some people disagreed on which were real letters and which ones were fake.

There was a lot of disagreement because long ago it was very hard to figure out which letters were real, so if people disagreed on a writing it was called Antilegomena.

It is a Greek word ἀντιλεγόμενα that means "spoken against".

Remember we learned about people deciding which books were "canon" meaning measured or accepted.
If a book or letter was Antilegomena, then it was usually not accepted as "canon" and would not be put into a Bible.


(from: wikipedia - antilegomena)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Seventy Disciples

Ellora - Jain Caves

We just learned about the Ellora - Hindu Caves.

Another part of the Ellora area is the Ellora - Jain Caves.

The people who made the Jain believed in different things than the people who made the Hindu or Buddhist caves, but they were built right along side the Hindu caves at about the same time.

Just like the other two sets of caves, these areas have special sculptures of gods and goddesses that people worshipped, and also temples and special worship areas.





(from: wikipedia - ellora caves)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Gandara Stone Palettes

Norwegian - You are sad

We just learned that in Norwegian I am happy is jeg er glad.

Now let's learn how to say You are sad.

Du er lei deg

This really means something like "You are sad you", but that's how you say it!

You - Du - sounds like doo
are - er - sounds like ah-r
sad - lei deg - Sounds like lah-ee dah-ee

So all together du er lei deg sounds like Doo ah-r lah-ee dah-ee.



(from: wikipedia - norwegian language)

Greek: Είσαι λυπημενος

ASL: You are sad

Italian: Sei triste

German: Sie sind traurig

Spanish: Estas triste

French: Vous êtes triste

PGM-11 Redstone

We just learned about the V-2 Rocket.

Another famous rocket from history is the PGM-11 Redstone.

This was an American rocket made from the German scientists who had made the V-2 rocket.

It was part of the American rocket program for a very long time.
This rocket was the first one to carry a nuclear bomb, that was exploded up in the atmosphere in the sky.
It was also part of the rocket program to launch the US Explorer 1 space satellite.

The family of rockets that were made as copies of this later went on to send a person into space!



(from: wikipedia - pgm-11 redstone)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Seismometer

Upside-Down Jellyfish

We just learned about the Cauliflower Jellyfish.

Another type of Jellyfish is the Upside-Down Jellyfish, also called the Cassiopea Andromeda.

This kind of jellyfish usually lives in the sand or mud.
A lot of times people think this jelly is a sea anemone because it lays on the ground.
It lays on its back with its arms up waving around, and it uses its bell to keep the water flowing up on its arms.
If some animals come along to its arms, they will get stung and then fall into the jellyfish's mouth that is pointing up.

These jellies also live with algea growing in and around it, and some shrimp, and some other very small animals called zooxanthellae.
These tiny animals help keep other animals away that might hurt the jelly, and the jelly helps keep predators away that might hurt them.





(from: wikipedia - cassiopea andromeda)


[HD] No Sea anemone!!! Upside-down jellyfish / Mangrovenqualle @ Aquazoo [29/52] - FischbottichTV Nils


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Cuttlefish