Gundestrup Cauldron

We just learned about the sculpture Guennol Lioness.

Another sculpture is the Gundestrup Cauldron.

This is a large metal bowl that was made thousands of years ago, and has many carvings on the side of people and animals.

In order to make this bowl, they had to find some rocks that had silver in them, and put them in a hot fire where everything burned away except the silver.
This is called cupellation.

Then they took the silver bars and pounded them flat, then heated them up again so they could pound some shapes and pictures into the silver.
This is called annealing and repoussé.

Next they used some hard tools called punches and tracers to poked holes, make dents and lines on the metal for pictures.
They added some other metals on the outside like gold and silver to make it look nice.
This is called gilding.

Last they put some pieces of glass into the carvings on the bowl.
This is called inlay.


(from: wikipedia - gundestrup cauldron)


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Italian - You are sad

We just learned that in Italian I am happy is sono felice.

Now let's learn how to say You are sad.

Sei triste

We can break it up into two words:
You are - Sei - sounds like say-ee /?/
sad - triste - Sounds like t-dee-stay /?/


So all together Sei trista sounds like say-ee t-dee-stay.


(from: wikipedia - accademia della crusca)

In German:
Sie sind traurig

In Spanish:
Estas triste

In French:
Vous êtes triste

F1 Tornado

We just learned that the F0 Tornado on the Fujita Scale is light damage to trees and buildings.

The next level of damage is an F1 Tornado - Moderate damage.
This is when roofs can be peeled off of houses, mobile homes are overturned, cars are pushed off of roads, and some garages can be destroyed.


(from: wikipedia - fujita scale)


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Schnauzer

We just learned about the type of dog the Pekingese.

Another type of dog is the Schnauzer.

This type of dog came from Germany, and comes from the word for snout, or mustache.
The schnauzer comes in three sizes, giant, standard and miniature.
They grow long hair that is sometimes shaved to make them look like they have a mustache.

They were originally used to kill rats that carried diseases, and they have also been used as guard dogs, police dogs and message carriers.


(from: wikipedia - schnauzer)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Spider Tubular Webs

Heart Wall - Endocardium

We just learned about the pulmonary valve in the heart that opens for blood to go to the lungs for oxygen.

The walls of the heart are made up of different types of layers.

The inside wall of the heart is called the endocardium.
This is a thin layer that keeps the inside of the heart soft, smooth and wet, and also helps the heart send it's electrical signals all over that are part of what keeps it beating at the right time.


(from: wikipedia - endocardium)


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Lake Ladoga

We just learned about Lake Ontario.

The next biggest lake is Lake Ladoga.

This lake is in Russia, and is just south of Finland.
It is the largest lake in Europe.


(from: wikipedia - lake ladoga)

There is a fortress called Oreshek Castle on the island of Orekhovets.

(from: wikipedia - lake ladoga)

And there is a large cathedral on the island of Valaam.

(from: wikipedia - lake ladoga)


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Christmas Season

We just learned about the 4 weeks in the church season of Advent.

The next part of the calendar is Christmas time.
There are three weeks in this season, the week of Christmas, the first Sunday after Christmas and the second Sunday after Christmas.
Churches usually use the color white for this season, and there are lots of Christmas celebrations!


(from: wikipedia - christmas)


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