Pendant of Osorkon II

We just learned about the Younger Memnon statue.

Another Egyptian sculpture is the Pendant of Osorkon II.

Through the years of the Egyptian empire, there were many myths about different gods.
The stories about how they looked and who they were changed for many years.
Like for a while Horus was the brother of Isis and Osiris, but then later the stories changed and Horus was the son of Isis and Osiris.

When people started making sculptures of them people decided on what each character would look like, so that when you saw a sculpture you know which person it was, and the stories didn't change as much after that.

This is a sculpture of Horus, Osiris and Isis.
Horus has a falcon's head, Osiris has a feathered tiara, and Isis has a horned disk.

There are markings on the statue showing that it was made for the Pharaoh Osorkon II, and was probably in his temple somewhere.
In those days the Pharaoh was very powerful, and people believed the Pharaoh would become part of the mythology after his death.


(from: wikipedia - art of ancient egypt)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Bethlehem Mural - Banksy

Younger Memnon

We just learned about Nefertiti Bust sculpture.

Another ancient sculpture is the Younger Memnon statue.
This is the sculpture of an ancient Egyptian Pharaoh named Ramesses II or Ramesses the Great, and it is over 8 feet tall and 6 feet wide.
The statue used to have a lower body and legs, but they were broken.

This statue used to stand outside a large temple called the Ramesseum, a temple built for the pharaoh.
Rameses II was pharaoh for a long time and had many temples, statues and sculptures built through the time he was a ruler.


(from: wikipedia - younger memnon)


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Nefertiti Bust

We just learned about Tutankhamun's Mask.

Another famous ancient sculpture is the Nefertiti Bust.

A bust is a sculpture of the head and shoulders of a person.

This sculpture was made of limestone on the inside, and then stucco on the outside.
Stucco is like paste, and the sculptor used a few layers to make the face the way he wanted.
Once the shape was done, he painted it.

The right eye is made of black quartz, black paint and beeswax.
The pupil of the left eye is missing.
Some people think maybe the real person lost her left eye and maybe they made the statue to match it.
Others think maybe the sculptor left it open to help students learn how to make eyes.

Because the sculpture was so beautiful, Nefertiti was known all over the place as the beautiful wife of the pharaoh.
She also was the mother of the wife of Tutankhamen.
The hat she is wearing is called the Nefertiti cap crown.


(from: wikipedia - nefertiti bust)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: The Calling of St. Matthew - Caravaggio

Tutankhamun's Mask

We just learned about the Statue of Gudea.

Another ancient sculpture is Tutankhamun's Mask.

The mask is made of gold and weighs 22 lbs.
The face of the mask is a sculpture of the pharaoh's face.
It has inlays of colored glass and gems made of lapis lazuli, quartz, obsidian, carnelian, feldspar, turquoise, amazonite, faience and others.

The beard is inlaid with lapis lazuli.

On the back and shoulders are ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs that write out what was thought of as a protective spell in ancient Egypt.



(from: wikipedia - tutankhamun's mask)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: The Thinker - Auguste Rodin

Statue of Gudea

We just learned about the Cylinder Seal sculptures.

Another set of sculptures are the many statues of Gudea.

Gudea was a king in the land of Mesopotamia thousands of years ago.
The people he ruled over made many statues of him, and many of them survived for thousands of years.

The statues were made of different types of stone called alabaster or diorite.


(from: wikipedia - statues of gudea)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Charles IV of Spain and His Family - Francisco Goya

Cylinder Seal

We just learned about the sculpture the Lyres of Ur.

Other famous sculptures are the ancient Cylinder Seals.

Around 3,500 years ago, people would take stone, metal or even jewels and carve them into a cylinder shape.
Then they would carve a hole through the middle so they were like a tube.
On the outside of the tube they would carve pictures that would tell a story, send a message, or maybe be like a signature for someone.

Then they would roll the cylinder along some wet soft clay, and it would leave a print on clay.
The clay dried and they would have a picture.


(from: wikipedia - cylinder seal)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: No. 5, 1948 - Jackson Pollock

Lyres of Ur

We just learned about the Copper Bull sculpture.

Another ancient sculpture is the Bull's Lyre, a bull's head sculpture that was part of three ancient lyres (also known as harps) discovered that were over 4,000 years old.

These lyres are believed to be the oldest stringed instruments still intact.

The sculpture of the bull's head is made of gold, with eyes made of mother-of-pearl and lapis lazuli.
Other parts of the bull's body were made of wood but they did not survive after the thousands of years it was buried.


(from: wikipedia - lyres of ur)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Little Dancer of Fourteen Years

Copper Bull

We just learned about the ancient sculpture Ram in a Thicket.

Another ancient sculpture is the Copper Bull.

This sculpture was discovered in 1923 in the country of Iraq, and it was made over 4,000 years ago.

The sculpture was made of wood covered in sticky black bitumen (also known as asphalt), and then copper plates were nailed to the outside of it.


(from: wikipedia - copper bull)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: The Snail - Henri Matisse

Ram in a Thicket

We just learned about the ancient sculpture the Trundholm Sun Chariot.

Another ancient sculpture is called Ram in a Thicket.

This is a sculpture of a ram that is caught in some sort of a bush. There were two of these sculptures found, and they seem to be a pair that stood across from each other.

The person that found them named them ram in a thicket after the story of Abraham where God provided a ram for him to sacrifice.

Since it was very old and had been buried under a lot of dirt, some parts of the statue were rotten and had to be remade to try and make it look like it did long ago.

This sculpture has a wooden middle, that was carved for the face and legs.
The head and legs are covered in gold leaf hammered to the wood and stuck there with a sticky black gooey oil called bitumen or asphalt.
The ears are made of copper which has turned green.
The ram's horns and fleece on it's shoulders are made of lapis lazuli.
The fleece on the body is made of shells stuck to bituman.
It's belly is made of silver plate.
The tree or bush is covered in gold leaf and gold flowers.
It is standing on a small rectangle covered in shells, red limestone and lapis lazuli.
There used to be small silver chains around the ram and trees, but those were too old to recover.



(from: wikipedia - ram in a thicket)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Relativity - M.C. Escher

Trundholm Sun Chariot

We just learned about the ancient sculpture the Gundestrup Cauldron.

Another ancient sculpture is called the Trundholm Sun Chariot.

This sculpture was made out of bronze, with some gold parts on one side, which is called gilding.

It was made using something called lost wax casting.
This means someone started off with a sculpture made of wax, made a shell of sand, and used hot ovens to pour melted metal into the shell to make the sculpture.

The horse is pulling a circle that looks like the sun.
Long ago people did not know about how the planets and stars worked, so some people believed stories about the sun being pulled across the sky by a magical horse.


(from: wikipedia - trundholm sun chariot)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: The Night Watch - Rembrandt

Gundestrup Cauldron

We just learned about the sculpture Guennol Lioness.

Another sculpture is the Gundestrup Cauldron.

This is a large metal bowl that was made thousands of years ago, and has many carvings on the side of people and animals.

In order to make this bowl, they had to find some rocks that had silver in them, and put them in a hot fire where everything burned away except the silver.
This is called cupellation.

Then they took the silver bars and pounded them flat, then heated them up again so they could pound some shapes and pictures into the silver.
This is called annealing and repoussé.

Next they used some hard tools called punches and tracers to poked holes, make dents and lines on the metal for pictures.
They added some other metals on the outside like gold and silver to make it look nice.
This is called gilding.

Last they put some pieces of glass into the carvings on the bowl.
This is called inlay.


(from: wikipedia - gundestrup cauldron)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Campbell's Soup Cans

Guennol Lioness

We just learned about the swimming reindeer prehistoric art.

Some ancient art from an area known as Mesopotamia is called the Guennol Lioness.

It is a sculpture of a woman mixed with a lion.

(from: wikipedia - guennol lioness)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Guernica

Swimming Reindeer

We just learned about the prehistoric art Lion Man
.
Another work of prehistoric art is the sculpture Swimming Reindeer.

This is a carving of two reindeer swimming, made out of mammoth tusk.
It was found in France in 1866 buried 23 feet underground.

It was very interesting because reindeer don't live in France anymore, and it was carved from the mammoth which is now extinct.


(from: wikipedia - swimming reindeer)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte - Georges Seurat

Lion man of the Hohlenstein Stadel

We just learned about the famous work of art the Metz & Co showroom by Bart van der Leck.

One of the oldest sculptures ever found in history goes all the way back to prehistoric times.
It was a statue of a person with a lion's head, carved out of ivory.


(from: wikipedia - lion-man)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Impression, Sunrise

Metz & Co showroom - van der Leck

We just learned about the famous work of art Composition VII by Theo van Doesburg.

Another famous work of art is the Metz & Co showroom by Dutch artist Bart van der Leck in 1941.

Like Mondrian and van Doesburg, van der Leck was part of the abstract art style called De Stijl.

Metz and Co was a store that asked van Doesburg to make a nice looking room, and he made it using simple shapes and colors, that weren't supposed to look like anything except a bunch of shapes.

(from: wikipedia - bart van der leck)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Raphael Rooms

Composition VII - van Doesburg

We just learned about the famous painting Composition II by Piet Mondrian.

Another famous work of art is Composition VII by Dutch artist Theo van Doesburg in 1917.

Like Mondrian, van Doesburg was part of the De Stijl movement that made abstract art using shapes and colors that were just from their imagination.

(from: wikipedia - theo van doesburg)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: The Equestrian Statue of Gattamelata - Donatello

Composition II - Mondrian

We just learned about the work of art Revolving Torsion by Naum Gabo.

Another famous work of art is Composition II by Piet Mondrian.

We learned a while back about another of Mondrian's works called Broadway Boogie Woogie

Mondrian was famous for an abstract style of painting called De Stijl which is Dutch and means the style.

He only used the same shades of white, yellow, red, blue and black to make his paintings, and he used straight lines, squares and rectangles.


(from: wikipedia - piet mondrian)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Whistler's Mother

Revolving Torsion - Gabo

We just learned about the work of art Dance. An Objectless Composition by Alexander Rodchenko.

Another famous work of art is the sculpture Revolving Torsion by Russian artist Naum Gabo.

This was another constructivist work of art.

(from: wikipedia - naum gabo)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: The Great Wave Off Kanagawa

Dance. An Objectless Composition - Rodchenko

We just learned about the work of art Tatlin's Tower.

Another famous work of art is the painting Dance. An Objectless Composition by Russian artist Alexander Rodchenko in 1915.

This was another painting in the Constructivist movement.

Rodchenko used scales and compasses to make lines and shapes to try and get rid of the extra styling from normal paint brush strokes that he thought were not needed.

(from: wikipedia - alexander rodchenko)

Kid Facts - Blast from the past: American Gothic - Grant Wood

Tatlin's Tower - Tatlin

We just learned about the work of art Beat the Whites with the Red Wedge by Lissitzky.

Another famous work of art is Tatlin's Tower, designed by Vladimir Tatlin in 1919 to be built in Russia.

The tower was never built because there wasn't enough money, but it was supposed to be a very large metal tower bigger than the Eiffel Tower in France, and there are smaller models of what it would have looked like.

It was supposed to be a really big tower to show how modern, strong and successful the Russians were.

(from: wikipedia - tatlin's tower)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Girl with a Pearl Earring