Norwegian - Cow, Chicken, Pig

We already know that in Norwegian, dog is hund and cat is katt.

Now let's learn about some farm animals!

cow - ku - sounds like k-oo

chicken - kylling - sounds like sh-ee-lee-ng

pig - gris - sounds like g-dee-ss

Also in Norwegian cows say mø, and pigs say nøff nøff!




(from: wikipedia - norwegian language)

Greek: αγελάδα, κοτόπουλο, χοίρο

ASL: cow, chicken, pig

Italian: mucca, pollo, maiale

German: Kuh, Huhn, Schwein

Spanish: vaca, pollo, cerdo

French: vache, poulet, porc

World War II Rocket Weapons

We just learned about the The Rocket into Planetary Space - Hermann Oberth.

Another part of rocket history are the World War II Rockets.

The science of making rockets has always been spread out between people who use them for fun to make big explosions,
people who try to make them for travel like flying into outer space,
and people who try to make them for war blow up and hurt people.

During World War II, there were many different types of rockets made for war.

Some were made for anti-aircraft, meaning they shot from the ground to try and blow up airplanes.
Others were made to launch from the ground and then land at another city and blow it up.
Still others were used to shoot from one aircraft to another.

The Germans and Russians were the ones that made the most rockets like the German Nebelwerfer or V-2, and the Russians RS-132 and Katyusha.

The Allied forces like the US or England made some ground to air rockets that they would attach to tanks or pull along like a wagon.

During this time the science of making rockets was all about war and who could blow up the other person.
It helped make the world of rockets better, but it also was very dangerous for the world as they killed over 10,000 people.
Even making these rockets was dangerous, and 20,000 people died in explosions when they were trying to make the rockets.


(from: wikipedia - bachem ba 349)

(from: wikipedia - nebelwerfer)

(from: wikipedia - katyusha rocket launcher)

(from: wikipedia - rs-82 (rocket family))

(from: wikipedia - t34 calliope)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Volcano Tectonic Earthquakes

Jellyfish

We just learned a lot about Cephalopods!.

Let's start learning about something new: Jellyfish!.

The fancy name for all of the different types of Jellyfish is "Medusozoa"
They got this name because a famous scientist named Carl Linnaeus thought their long tentacles kind of looked like the snake haired woman named Medusa in Greek mythology.

Some scientists now use the name "jellies" or "sea jellies" instead of jellyfish, because they are not really a kind of fish.

Whatever you call them, these cool weird animals are found all over the world, in all shapes and sizes!


(from: wikipedia - jellyfish)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Cephalopods

Lining Mucosa

We just learned about the Masticatory Mucosa.

Another part of the mouth is the Lining Mucosa.

This is the part of the soft loose skin inside of the mouth under the tongue, on the inside of the cheeks, and on the inside of the lips.


(from: wikipedia - stratified squamous epithelium)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Carpal Ligaments

Royal Palace of Madrid

We just learned about the castle Castillo do Coca.

Another famous castle is the Royal Palace of Madrid, in Madrid Spain, built in 1735.

This palace is the home of the King and Queen of Spain.
It has 3,418 rooms, and is over a million square feet!

There are famous paintings in the palace by artists like Caravaggio and Goya, and a set of very fancy violins called Stradavarius.

Outside the palace are two large plazas called the Plaza de la Armería, and Plaza de Oriente, where there are large gardens and statues of kings.

On two other sides are the Campo del Moro Gardens, and the Sabatini Gardens.
These are larger gardens with wide open walking areas or pools.

There is also a Royal Library, Royal Pharmacy, and Royal Armory where you can go see all of the old swords and armor from the past.








(from: wikipedia - royal palace of madrid)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Tabasco

Quartodecimanism

We just learned about the Against Heresies - Iranaeus.

Another part of early Christian history is Quartodecimanism.

In the early church there were special dates like Easter, but people would argue over what the real date for when Easter was.

In the book of John, it says that Jesus was crucified on the day before Passover.

On an old calendar called the Nisan, the 15th of Nisan is Passover, so the people who followed that calendar always celebrated Easter on the 14th of Nisan.

Other people believed that Easter should always be celebrated on a Sunday, so they had Easter on the Sunday after Nisan.

Quarta Decima means 14th in Latin, so they people who celebrated Easter on the 14th were called Quartodecimans, which means something like "fourteeners".

Some of the church leaders tried to make it illegal to celebrate Easter on the 14th, but in the end people just went their separate ways and for a long time people had Easter on different days.

Even today some different groups of Christians celebrate Easter on a different day than others.


(from: wikipedia - quartodecimanism)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Clare of Assisi

Indus Valley Civilisation

We just learned about the Mokujiki Shonin.

We've learned a lot about Japanese sculpture, let's move on now and learn about Indian sculpture.

One of the oldest bunch of sculptures in India is the Indus Valley Civilisation which was a place where people lived for thousands of years.

People have discovered old sculptures from this place, like bronze pottery, ceramics, shells, jewelry, toys and games.





(from: wikipedia - indus valley civilisation)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Benjamin Franklin - Hiram Powers

Norwegian - Black, white, brown, gray

We just learned that in Norwegian, red, orange and yellow are rød, oransje, gul,
and green, blue, purple, pink are grønn, blå, lilla, rosa.

Let's learn some more colors!

black - svart - sounds like s-vah-rt

white - hvit - sounds like h-veet

brown - brun - sounds like b-d-oo-n

gray - grå - sounds like g-d-aw



(from: wikipedia - norwegian language)

Greek: μαύρο, λευκό, καφέ, γκρι

ASL: black, white, brown, gray

Italian: nero, bianco, marrone, grigio

German: schwarz, weiß, braun, grau

Spanish: negro, blanco, marrón, gris

French: noir, blanc, brun, gris

The Rocket into Planetary Space - Hermann Oberth

We just learned about the Le Prieur Rocket.

Another part of rocket history is the book The Rocket into Planetary Space by Hermann Oberth.

Oberth lived in Germany, and after reading the science fiction books by Jules Verne he loved thinking about rockets.
He became a scientist and wrote a book about launching rockets into space called "Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen" which means "The Rocket into Planetary Space".

Later on he wrote another book called "Wege zur Raumschiffahrt" which means "Ways to Spaceflight".

In 1929 there was a movie called "Frau im Mond" which means "Woman in the Moon", and the director of the movie asked Oberth to make a fake rocket to use in the movie.

When it was made, the movie had the most real looking rocket ever made on film, with a multiple stage rocket, liquid fuel and other real parts of rocket science.

Oberth later went on to work for NASA to help make rockets for space flight.


(from: wikipedia - hermann oberth)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Earthquake Swarm

Radula

We just learned about the Octopus - Three Hearts.

Another part of a cephalopod's body is the Radula.

We know that the octopus has a beak and that it uses the beak to bite it's food.
After the food gets into its mouth, there are tiny little teeth called the radula that help grind up the food.
It's almost like the octopus has a tongue with spikes on it that it rubs against the food to break it up into tiny pieces.


(from: wikipedia - radula)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Frog Teeth

Masticatory Mucosa

We just learned about the Oral Mucosa.

Another part of the skin in the mouth is the Masticatory Mucosa.

This is the part of the wet mouth skin called gingiva that is on the roof of the mouth, and the top of the tongue.
The skin on these parts of the mouth is called keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
That is a lot of big words that mean flattened skin with a lot of layers, that isn't loose and saggy.

It is different than other skin like underneath the tongue that is very loose.


(from: wikipedia - hard palate)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Radioulnar Ligaments

Castillo de Coca

We just learned about the Alhambra.

Another famous castle is Castillo de Coca, built in 1493 in Coca, Segovia, Spain.

This castle is special because it has a type of brick work called Mudejar.

There were people living in Spain that were from another country with very different styles.
Mudejar means "allowed to stay", and it was used for people that were from another country but were allowed to stay in Spain.
While they stayed there, some of the types of castles they made back home were made in Spain just like the Castillo de Coca.

The castle has a moat and a keep, and an outside wall around the main castle.
Inside the central keep is a 82 foot tower, and walkways around the top of the walls with all sorts of defenses for the people inside to use if they were being attacked from below.





(from: wikipedia - castillo de coca)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: San Luis Potosi

Against Heresies - Irenaeus

We just learned about the Didache - The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles.

Another part of early Christian history is the book Against Heresies, by Irenaeus.

During the early time of Christianity when people disagreed about what they should believe, there was a group of people called the Gnostics.
They believed that Christ and Jesus were two separate beings.
Like Jesus was a physical body, and Christ was a spirit that lived in him.

The bishop of France named Irenaeus was very upset about this, and decided to write a book saying why they were wrong.

His book was written some time around 180 AD, and many church leaders used that letter to tell people that they believed Gnosticism was not true.


(from: wikipedia - on the detection and overthrow of the so-called gnosis)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Hildegard of Bingen

Mokujiki Shonin

We just learned about the Wooden Budda by Enkū.

Another famous Japanese sculpture is the Mokujiki Shonin.

Just like Enkū that we learned about, Mokujiki Shonin was a monk who traveled around and talked to people.
Once when he was visiting a village, he saw a sculpture of Buddha made by Enkū, and decided to become a sculptor just like him.

His sculptures always seemed very free and rough, close to nature and happy.


(from: wikipedia - mokujiki shonin)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: George Washington - Greenough

Norwegian - Green, Blue, Purple, Pink

We just learned that in Norwegian, red, orange and yellow are rød, oransje, gul.

Let's learn more colors!

green - grønn - sounds like gee-dah-n

blue - blå - sounds like blow-ah

purple - lilla - sounds like lee-lah

pink - rosa - sounds like - dr-oh-sah



(from: wikipedia - norwegian language)

Greek: πράσινο, μπλε, μοβ, ροζ

ASL: green, blue, purple, pink

Italian: verde, blu, viola, rosa

German: grün, blau, lila, rosa

Spanish: verde, azul, morado, rosa

French: vert, bleu, violet, rose

Le Prieur Rocket

We just learned about the De Laval Nozzle.

Another part of rocket history is the La Prieur Rocket.

During World War I, a French scientist came up with the idea to shoot rockets from an airplane.
He made some rockets that were a lot like the old Fire Arrows, just a tube filled with gunpowder strapped to a stick.
Usually they would only go straight for a little over 100 yards.

People were worried that this would start the airplane on fire, so he tested it by strapping an airplane to a car and driving around, and shooting the arrows from the airplane on top of the car.
It worked, so they started putting them on airplanes in 1916.

The rockets were launched when the airplane pilot pressed an electronic ignition switch in the plane, and then the rockets would shoot off one by one.

They were mostly used to shoot down balloons that the enemy was using to spy on them.


(from: wikipedia - le prieur rocket)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Tsunami Earthquake

Octopus - Three Hearts

We just learned about the Statocyst.

Another interesting thing about cephalopod bodies is the Octopus - Three Hearts.

An octopus has all th ree of it's hearts up in the head part of the body.

One of the hearts is called the systemic heart, and it pumps the blood all over their body, all the way to each arm and back.

The other two hearts are called branchial hearts, and they bring the deoxygenated blood back to the gills for more oxygen.

The blood in an octopus is thicker than a human, so it is harder for the octopus to pump through their body.
When they are swimming they do not use their systemic heart, so they get tired quickly and usually stop for a rest.


(from: wikipedia - octopus)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Frog Skin

Oral Mucosa

We just learned about the Gingiva.

Another part of the mouth is the Oral Mucosa.

This is a fancy way of saying the wet skin inside your mouth.
The oral mucosa is the skin on the inside of your cheeks, your gums, the skin on the roof of your mouth, on your tongue, under your tongue and the skin inside your lips.


(from: wikipedia - oral mucosa)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Ulnar Collateral Ligament

Alhambra

We just learned about the Summer Palace.

Another famous castle is the Alhambra, built in 889 AD in Granada Spain.

This is the famous castle where King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella met Christopher Columbus and sent him on his way to go on his trip to find America.

Poets from long ago called it a "pearl set in emeralds".
It has mountains all around it, with wildflowers and flowers around it.
The forest nearby has nightingale birds that sing at night, and many fountains around so the sounds are very relaxing.






(from: wikipedia - alhambra)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Sonora

Didache - The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles

We just learned about the Sabbath Day in Christianity.

Another part of early Christian history is the Didache - The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles.

In the time that people were not sure what to believe or how to worship, there was a book people made with a lot of instructions, like some of the ten commandments, the Lord's prayer, and some rules about baptism or fasting.

It was called the Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, and sometimes called Didache which is the Greek word for Teaching.
The writings were made some time around the late 100s in AD, and were lost for almost 2000 years.



(from: wikipedia - didache)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Scholastica