Norwegian - Hello and Goodbye

We've now learned a whole year of Greek!
Wow!

Let's try another language now, how about Norwegian?
This is the language of the people of Norway, and it also is a lot like the languages of Danish and Swedish from the countries of Denmark and Sweden.
The vikings from long ago spoke a language called Old Norse, which later turned into Norwegian, so in a way it's the language of vikings!

Norwegian uses mostly the same alphabet as English, but it has some accents on the letters, like some of the other languages we've learned about.

It has three extra letters that are not in English: Æ, Ø, Å
These are vowels that make sounds like the a in apple, the u in cut or i in girl, or the o in lock or short.

Let's learn how to say hello and goodbye in Norwegian!

There are a few ways to say Hello.

Hi - Hei - Sounds like High
This is like saying Hi to your friends.

Hello - Hallo - Sounds like Hah-loh
This is like saying hello to a grownup, saying hello on the phone, or yelling hello to a friend from far away.

Bye - Ha det - Sounds like Hah-duh
This is just like saying bye to your friends.

Good Bye - Ha det brah - Sounds like Hah duh brah
Usually people just say hah det, but sometimes they say hah det brah, just like usually in English you say bye, but you might say goodbye sometimes.


(from: wikipedia - norwegian language)

Greek: Γειά σου, Χαίρετε, Αντίο

ASL: Hello and Goodbye

Italian: Ciao, arrivederci

German: Hallo, Auf Wiedersehen

Spanish: Hola! Adiós!

French: Bonjour! Au Revoir!

Bellifortis Rockets

We just learned about the Shock Diamond.

For the history of rocket science, the inventions were made either for war, or for fun like fireworks.

There was a book called Bellifortis written by a German scientist named Konrad Kyeser around 1400 AD that talks about rockets.
It says how rockets were being used for war but also for fun like fireworks.

Because there were no pictures back then, some people made drawings of the rockets, but no one knows for sure what they looked like.
In this book there was a drawing of the famous Alexander the Great holding a big rocket.

Konrad's book talks about rockets that were launched in the air, rockets that floated on the water, or rockets that were tied on a string.
These rockets probably all used the solid rocket fuel of gunpowder to launch them along.


(from: wikipedia - bellifortis)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Aftershock

Cephalopod - Funnel

We just learned about the Octopus Gills.

Another part of a cephalopod's body is the Funnel, also sometimes called a siphon.

When a cephalopod like a squid or octopus breathes in, they suck water into their mantle and then push it through their gills.

When they breathe out, they shoot the water out of a tube called a funnel.
They can even use that water shooting out like a little water jet and push their body along under water.


(from: wikipedia - octopus)


Octopus jet siphon system - clarkq


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Mission Golden Eyed Tree Frog

Odontoblast

We just learned about the Tooth Root.

Another part of the tooth is the Odontoblast.

These are the cells inside where the pulp is that help make the dentin part of the tooth.


(from: wikipedia - odontoblast)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Supraspinous Ligament

Palace of Versailles

We just learned about the Chateau de Chantilly.

Another famous castle is the Palace of Versailles, built around 1600 AD.

This was the home of the leaders of France for 100 years until 1789, and is now a museum.

It has many famous rooms inside, like the Hall of Mirrors, the Royal Opera, the Grand Trianon, Petit Trianon, small Hameau and the famous gardens.

It is the second most visited place in France, just after Louvre.







(from: wikipedia - palace of versailles)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Chiapas

Apollos - Bishop of Cæsarea

We just learned about the Sosipater - Bishop of Iconium, one of the seventy disciples.

The next three of the seventy listed were bishops that also lived along with Sosipater in the same area and helped tell people about Jesus:

Tertius - Bishop of Iconium
Erastus - Bishop of Panellas
Quartus - Bishop of Berytus

Another of the seventy was Apollos - Bishop of Cæsarea.

Apollos worked with the Apostle Paul to help tell people about Jesus in Corinth.
Paul talks about Apollos a few times in the Bible as he goes and teaches him about Jesus and how to teach other people.

Apollos became the leader of the church in Corinth, and Paul talks about him in the book of the Bible called Corinthians, which was a letter to the church leaders in the town of Corinth.


(from: wikipedia - apollos)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Lavra

Tamamushi Shrine

We just learned about the Shaka Triad of Hōryūji by Tori Busshi.

Another ancient Japanese sculpture is the Tamamushi Shrine, made around 600 AD.

This is a 7 foot tall wooden sculpture of a buddhist temple, with statues all over the outside, as well as paintings telling ancient stories.

Inside the temple doors are tiny wooden carvings of buddha.

The outside of the temple used to be very colorful, because the artist used shiny colorful wings from tamamushi beetles to decorate it.




(from: wikipedia - tamamushi shrine)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Sèvres pot-pourri vase in the shape of a ship - Duplessis

Greek - Vegetables

We just learned how to say some fruits in Greek.

Let's learn how to say some vegetables.

carrot καρότο (karóto) - sounds like kah-ROH-toh
corn καλαμπόκι (kalampóki) - sounds like kah-lah-m-POH-kee
pea μπιζέλι (bizéli) - sounds like bee-ZAY-lee


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)

ASL: carrot, corn, pea

Italian: carote, mais, piselli

German: Karotte, Mais, Erbse

Spanish: zanahoria, maíz, guisante

French: carotte, maïs, pois

Shock Diamond

We just learned about the Multi-stage Rocket.

Another part of rocket science is the Shock Diamond.

When a rocket engine is pushing itself along, the burned up rocket fuel coming out of the nozzle is the exhaust.
This exhaust sometimes is coming out faster than the speed of sound, which is called supersonic speed.

When something is moving through the air it is making waves, and when it moves at supersonic speeds it makes these special diamond shapes in the exhaust called shock diamonds.

This is all because the waves that the exhaust is making are moving faster than the sound waves can move, so they overlap and make shapes that you can see.



(from: wikipedia - shock diamond)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Mainshock

Octopus Gills

We just learned about the Mantle of an Octopus or squid.

When the octopus or squid wants to breathe, they breathe through Gills just like fish.

The gills are inside the mantle, so they will take water into their mantle, and use some muscles to close their mantle.
This makes the water push through their gills where they can get the oxygen they need.


(from: wikipedia - octopus)


Amazing breathing of an Octopus - isarounddaworld


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Bornean Eared Frog

Tooth Root

We just learned about the Crown.

Another part of the tooth is the Root.

This is the part of the tooth below the gums, that has the cementum and pulp in it.


(from: wikipedia - root canal)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Xiphoid Process

Château de Chantilly

We just learned about Peleș Castle.

Another famous castle is the Château de Chantilly, in Chantilly France, built in 1358, and rebuilt a few times through 1882.

This Château has a very large library with thousands of books in it, and a large art museum called the Musée Condé which has many paintings by famous artists like Raphael.

There is also a horse racing track on the property that is still used.
One of the princes who owned this Château believed that some day when he died he would come back as a horse, so he had very fancy stables and race tracks to live in when he did.






(from: wikipedia - château de chantilly)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Guanajuato

Sosipater - Bishop of Iconium

We just learned about the Jason - Bishop of Tarsus, one of the seventy disciples.

Another of the seventy was Sosipater - Bishop of Iconium.

Sosipater worked with the apostle Paul to help tell people about Jesus.
He also traveled with Jason Bishop of Tarsus and together they worked to spread God's word.

Later he became a church leader in the town of Iconium, which is in Turkey.


(from: wikipedia - sosipater)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Cenobitic Monks

Shaka Triad of Hōryūji - Tori Busshi

We just learned about the Haniwa.

Another ancient Japanese masterpiece is the sculpture of Shaka Triad of Hōryūji made in 623 AD by artist Tori Busshi.

Busshi was a famous artist in Japan who started out as a saddle maker.
Working with saddles helped hi learn how to work with wood carving and metal casting, and he learned to be a sculptor.

The Shaka was a sculpture that Busshi made after the death of some rich and powerful people.
Some people believed that this sculpture could help these people in the afterlife where they went after they died.


(from: wikipedia - tori busshi)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Three Derby Figures - Derby

Greek - Fruits

We just learned how to say some things to drink in Greek.

Let's learn how to say some fruits.

apple μήλο (mílo) - sounds like chah-ee-MOH
orange πορτοκάλι (portokáli) - sounds like chah-ee-MOH
banana μπανάνα (banána) - sounds like chah-ee-MOH


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)

ASL: apple, orange, banana

Italian: mela, orange, banana

German: Apfel, Orange, Banane

Spanish: manzana, naranja, banana

French: pomme, orange, banane

Multistage Rocket

We just learned about a rocket's Lift.

Another part of rocket science is Multi Stage Rockets.

Sometimes when rockets are going to go into outer space, the rocket is split up into a few different parts that go off at different times.

The first part of the rocket burns up all of its fuel, then splits off and falls to the ground.
When it does this, the rest of the rocket is lighter, and it starts up another rocket engine that burns and thrusts it up higher.
Each one of these parts is called a stage.
These rockets can have anywhere from 2 to 5 stages, sometimes using different types of fuel, like liquid or solid or gas.


(from: wikipedia - multistage rocket)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Foreshock

Mantle

We just learned about the Octopus Beaks.

Another part of the Octopus is the Mantle.

This is the part of their body above their eyes and arms, that usually has fins on it.
The mantle usually has the heart and stomach and other organs inside of it.


(from: wikipedia - mantle (mollusc))


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: White's Tree Frog

Crown

We just learned about the Pulp.

Another part of the tooth is the Crown.

This is the top part of the tooth that sticks out over the gums.


(from: wikipedia - crown (tooth))


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Costal Cartilage

Peleș Castle

We just learned about the Citadel of Qaitbay.

Another famous castle is Peleș Castle, built in 1914 in Romania.

This castle is actually more like a palace, and was hundreds of years after some other castles.
It has over 34,000 square feet of living space with over 170 rooms like libraries, offices and art galleries, and 30 bathrooms!

There is an armory there with over 4,000 weapons, and the art gallery has about 2,000 works of art.

One very different thing about this castle is that many different workers from all over europe came to help build it.
Different countries had people with different talents, so the Italian people were there to do the brick and stone work, and the Germans were there as carpenters.




(from: wikipedia - peleș castle)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Puebla

Jason - bishop of Tarsus

We just learned about the Lucis - Bishop of Laodicea in Syria, one of the seventy disciples.

Another of the seventy was Jason - bishop of Tarsus.

Jason was talked about in the Bible as a person that helped out the Apostle Paul when he was in Thessalonica, because some people who did not like Jesus were angry with Paul for talking to people about Jesus.

Jason was born in Tarsus, and Paul gave him the job to try and help lead the church in Tarsus.

He traveled around to tell a lot of people about Jesus, and was thrown in jail in a place called Corfu.
The king there did not like people becoming Christian, so he fought with Jason and other disciples, but eventually the king became a Christian and then the disciples were free to live there and tell people about God.


(from: wikipedia - tarsus, mersin)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Eremetic Monks

Haniwa

We just learned about the Shakōki-dogū.

Another type of ancient Japanese sculpture is the Haniwa.

These are small figures made out of clay, that were made for special times like funerals.

Some people believed that the soul of the person who had died would go into the haniwa if they put the sculpture on top of the place where they were buried.

Sometimes the sculptures were warriors with swords or other weapons, and sometimes they were bowls, or animals like horses, chickens or fish.
These were all meant to become part of the afterlife of the person who died.


(from: wikipedia - haniwa)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Pair of Lovers - Bustelli

Greek - Drinks

We counted to 900 in Greek! Wow!

Let's learn how to say some things to drink.

water νερό (neró) - sounds like nay-ROH
milk γάλα (gála) - sounds like GAH-lah
juice χυμό (chymó) - sounds like chah-ee-MOH


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)

ASL: water, milk, juice

Italian: acqua, latte, succo

German: Wasser, Milch, Saft

Spanish: agua, leche, jugo

French: eau, lait, jus

Lift

We just learned about the Air Resistance, part of ballistics which is the science of the forces that move a rocket around.

Another part of ballistics is Lift, which is all about how the air flows underneath a rocket that helps it fly up.

You can feel lift if there is a strong wind and you put your hand out flat, the air will try to push your hand up like a kite.
The way you hold your hand changes how the wind pushes on you, and rockets can use small fins or wings to try and use lift to help them fly.


(from: wikipedia - lift (force))


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Ring Fault