Hip & Femur Ligaments

We just learned about the Phalangeal Ligaments.

Another ligament connects the Hip to the Femur.

There are a few different ligaments, tied to the femur from different parts of the hip: The ischiofemoral, pubofemoral and iliofemoral ligaments.

The iliofemoral connecting the upper part of the hip to the femur is the strongest ligament in the whole body, and can support over 700 pounds of weight!


(from: wikipedia - iliofemoral ligament)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Axon

Durango

We just learned about the Mexico State of Morelos.

Another Mexico State is Durango.

This state is in the north central of Mexico, and is mostly plains in between the two mountain ranges the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Sierra Madre Oriental.


(from: wikipedia - durango)

The coat of arms shows a tree with two wolves around it.
These pictures came from the places in Spain where people came from before they moved to Mexico.
The tree is a special tree that lived for over 400 years in Biscay Spain. People would hold special meetings at the tree, like making promises to fight for freedom.
The wolves are from an old story that said before a famous battle there were two wolves that came along, and that would mean they would win the battle.


(from: wikipedia - durango)

Mexiquillo is a special natural park with waterfalls and rock formations.


(from: wikipedia - durango)

There is a suspension bridge called Ojuela bridge that is over 100 years old, and is over 800 feet long.

(from: wikipedia - ojuela bridge)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Transverse Ranges

Seventy Disciples

We just learned about Bridget of Sweden and a lot of other Nuns and Monks!

Let's learn a little about the people Jesus sent out called Disciples.

There is a list of some of the most important disciples out there, called the Seventy Disciples.

In the book of Luke, it says that Jesus sent out a group of people to every town and place, tell people about him, spread peace and heal the sick.

The Bible does not say who the people are, but some people have written down lists and made paintings of who they think they were.


(from: wikipedia - seventy disciples)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Ruth

Gandhara Stone Palettes

We just learned about the Pataliputra Capital.

Another example of Greek sculpture found in Asia are the Gandhara Stone Palettes.

These are small plates with sculputres on them that were made over 2,000 years ago in areas now known as Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Lots of plates have been found showing artwork of stories from Greek mythology like Apollo and Daphne, Athena, Herakles, Poseidon or Aphrodite.

This image is of a sea nymph called a Nereid, riding a giant sea monster called a Ketos.


(from: wikipedia - greco-buddhist art)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Prophet Jeremiah At Mosaic Abbey

Greek - You are sad

We just learned that in Greek I am happy is Είμαι χαρούμενος (eímai charoúmenos).

Now let's learn how to say You are sad.

Είσαι λυπημενος (Eísai lypimenos)

We can break it up into two words:
You are - Είσαι (Eísai) - sounds like EE-say
sad - λυπημενος (lypimenos) - Sounds like lee-pee-may-noh-s

So all together Είσαι λυπημενος sounds like EE-say lee-pee-may-noh-s.


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)

ASL: You are sad

Italian: Sei triste

German: Sie sind traurig

Spanish: Estas triste

French: Vous êtes triste

Seismometer

We just learned about the Seismic Wave that moves through the earth.

The main tool for measuring earthquakes is called a Seismometer.

A simple way to think of a seismometer is like a weight hanging from a string.
When there is an earthquake, the weight will bounce up and down, and might also sway from side to side.

Most seismometers are electric now, like some of them that use magnets to hold a thing floating in the air, and when the thing gets moved around by the earthquake they measure how much it moves, and whether it moves forward, backward, side to side or up and down.

Older measuring tools were sometimes called seismographs or seismoscopes.


(from: wikipedia - seismometer)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Lathe

Cuttlefish

We just learned about the Chambered Nautilus.

Another type of cephalopod is the Cuttlefish.

Cuttlefish have eight arms like an octopus, but they also have two tentacles that have sharp edges like teeth they use to hook onto their prey, or sting with venom.

They have very different eyes that are in a W shape, that lets them see in front and behind at the same time.
Cuttlefish have green and blue blood instead of red, and they have three hearts!

There is a bone in the middle of the cuttlefish's body called the cuttlebone that is made of aragonite.
This is like a hollow crystaline type of bone that they use to push air or liquid into, so they can float or sink.
Just like some other cephalopods, cuttlefish have ink they can squirt out when they are scared.
This ink was so dark that it was used for painting or in food, and the science name of Cuttle fish is "Sepiida" which is where we get the color name "sepia" from.

Cuttlefish are also sometimes called chameleons of the sea, because they can change their color to look darker, lighter or even change color to disguise themselves.


(from: wikipedia - cuttlefish)



(from: wikipedia - cuttlefish)


(from: wikipedia - cuttlefish)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Edible Frog

Phalangeal Ligaments

We just learned about the Metacarpal Ligaments that connect your metacarpal bones together in your hand.

The metacarpal bones in the hand connect to the finger bones called phalanges, and there are phalangeal ligaments connecting the metacarpal bones together, and the finger bones together.

The joints where the bones connect has padding to keep the bones from smashing into each other, and also keeps them stuck together so they can't be pulled apart.


(from: wikipedia - metacarpophalangeal joint)

The finger bones have ligaments that go over and under the fingers, to help your fingers stretch out or close into a fist.


(from: wikipedia - palmar plate)

Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Dendrite

Morelos

We just learned about the Mexico state of Querétaro.

Another state in Mexico is Morelos.

This is one of the smallest states in Mexico, in the southern part of the country, not on the coast.


(from: wikipedia - morelos)

The coat of arms has a cornstalk growing in the dirt, for the good farmland of the state.
The words around the center mean "The land will be returned to those who work it with their hands."


(from: wikipedia - morelos)

This state has some of the oldest ruins found ever in North America, over 8,000 years old!


(from: wikipedia - morelos)

There is a special type of dance called Chinelos that is in Morelos, where dancers wear fancy costumes and march in parades.


(from: wikipedia - chinelos)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: California Coast Ranges

Bridget of Sweden

We just learned about the Carmelite Nuns.

Another famous religious nun is Bridget of Sweden.

She was born in the 1300s in Sweden, and spent her life taking care of orphans and sick people.


(from: wikipedia - bridget of sweden)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Samson

Pataliputra Capital

We just learned about the Lion Capital of Ashoka.

Another famous sculpture from ancient India is the Pataliputra Capital.

It is over 4 feet long, and about 3 feet tall, and it was made over 2,000 years ago.
Even though it was made in India, it looks like a Classical Greek sculpture, so people think that the it was either given as a gift, or that the Greek people taught some other people in the area how to do sculptures the same way they did.

(from: wikipedia - pataliputra capital)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Last Judgement Typanum - Gislebertus

Greek - I am happy

Last time we learned that the Greek words for horse, sheep and duck are άλογο (álogo), πρόβατα (próvata), and πάπια (pápia).

Let's learn how to say I am happy in Greek!

We can break it up into two words:

I am - Είμαι (Eímai) - sounds like AY-mah-ee
happy - χαρούμενος (charoúmenos) - sounds like hah-DOO-may-noh-s

Together Είμαι χαρούμενος sounds like AY-mah-ee hah-DOO-may-noh-s


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)

ASL: I am happy

Italian: Sono felice

German: Ich bin glücklich

Spanish: Estoy feliz

French: Je suis heureux

Seismic Wave

We just learned about the Induced Seismicity.

When earthquakes happen, the waves of energy that happen as the ground moves are called Seismic Waves.

It's kind of like looking at a wave in water, and based on the size and shape of a wave scientists can learn about the type of earthquake it is.


(from: wikipedia - seismic wave)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Coke

Chambered Nautilus

We just learned about the Common Octopus.

Another type of cephalopod is the Chambered Nautilus.

These cephalopods look sort of like snails, and they live in shells like a snail.
Inside their shells are chambers in a spiral shape where their body parts are squished into.

The top of their outside shell is dark on top and light on the bottom.
This helps them hide from predators, because looking down from above they blend in with the dark sea, and looking up from below they blend in with the sky above.

The nautilus grows from an egg, but they don't grow as a larvae like a lot of other cephalopods. They grow right from the start with a tiny shell, and the shell grows with them inside the egg until they hatch, about 1 inch long.

It is a meat eater, and it eats shellfish, but also eats garbage food floating around in the water or on the bottom of the sea.

They float up and down by changing how much water is in their shell.
If they want to go down, they suck in more water, and if they want to go up they spit some out.
You can think of it like a boat, that fills up with water and sinks, or empties the water and floats.


(from: wikipedia - chambered nautilus)


(from: wikipedia - chambered nautilus)

Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Panamanian Golden Frog

Metacarpal Ligaments

We just learned about the Intercarpal Ligaments that hold your wrist bones together.

Another group of ligaments in your hand are the Metacarpal Ligaments.

These tie the bones together in your hand, right by your big knuckles, so your hand stays together.


(from: wikipedia - deep transverse metacarpal ligament)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Nucleus

Querétaro

We just learned about the Mexico State of Yucatán..

Another Mexico state is Querétaro.

This state is in the south central part of Mexico, and has a lot of types of land like forests, deserts and rainforest.


(from: wikipedia - querétaro)

The coat of arms of Querétaro tells of a legend where there was a solar eclipse during a battle between the Spanish and the natives.
During the eclipse the saint of Spain and a holy cross showed up.
The bottom left shows the saint in battle, and the bottom right has wheat and grapes for the farming in the area.

(from: wikipedia - querétaro)

Just like other parts of Mexico, there are large pyramids in this state in the city of El Cerrito.


(from: wikipedia - querétaro)

Gustav Eiffel who made the Eiffel tower made a famous fountain in Zocalo.


(from: wikipedia - querétaro)

There is a large gorge in the Sierra Gorda called Sótano del Barro.


(from: wikipedia - querétaro)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Northern Coast Ranges

Carmelite Nuns

We just learned about Rose of Lima and the Dominican Order.

Another group of nuns are the Carmelite Nuns, that started in the about a thousand years ago.
They focus on three things: prayer, community, and service


(from: wikipedia - carmelites)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Gideon

Lion Capital of Ashoka

We just learned about the Woman of Samaria by William Henry Rinehart in Washington DC, in 1859.

Most of the art we've learned about has been from Europe, the Middle East, or Northern Africa.

Let's learn a little about some art from the continent of Asia.

One of the oldest sculptures is the Lion Capital of Ashoka.

This was made around 250 BC in India.
At that time there was an emperor named Ashoka who wanted to have symbols of his kingdom spread across the country, so he had artists make large pillars with sculptures on top and put them all over.
There are about 20 pillars left that have not been destroyed, and the Lion sculpture is the one that has survived the best of all of the sculptures.

It is a very important symbol in India. It has been put on the national emblem, and the lotus flower shaped bottom base of the sculpture is on the national flag.


(from: wikipedia - lion capital of ashoka)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Lewis Chessmen

Greek - Horse, sheep, duck

We know that in Greek, dog is σκύλος (skýlos), cat is γάτα (gáta),
cow is αγελάδα (ageláda), chicken is κοτόπουλο (kotópoulo) and pig is χοίρο (choíro).

Let's learn more animals!

horse - άλογο (álogo) - sounds like AH-loh-go
sheep - πρόβατα (próvata) - sounds like PRO-bah-tah
duck - πάπια (pápia) - sounds like PAH-pee-ah

Also in Greek horses say hinnire, sheep say baa, and ducks say pa-pa-pah.


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)

ASL: horse, sheep, duck

German: Pferd, Schaf, Ente

Spanish:caballo, oveja, pato

French:French - cheval, mouton, canard

Induced Seismicity

We just learned about the Volcano tectonic earthquakes.

Another thing that causes earthquakes is induced seismicity, which means things that people do that cause earthquakes.
This can be drilling into the ground, building large lakes or mining.


(from: wikipedia - induced seismicity)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Fujita Scale

Common Octopus

Let's learn about some cephalopods!.

One of the most famous ones is the Common Octopus.

Some funny things about the octopus are that while a lot of people say "octopi" for a group of them, the right word is actually "octopuses".

Also, people say that an octopus has tentacles, but they actually have arms.
The difference is that arms have suction cups all along them, and tentacles only have suction cups at the end.

There are about 300 different types of octopuses in the world!

These cephalopods can change color to hide, and they use their arms to grab their prey and use their beak to crack open any shells for animals they have to eat.


(from: wikipedia - octopus)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: European Fire Bellied Toad

Intercarpal Ligaments

We just learned about the Carpal Ligaments that connect the forearm bones to the carpal wrist bones.

Another group of ligaments are the Intercarpal Ligaments that connect the carpals to each other.

There are eight different carpal bones in the wrist, so these ligaments connect them all together.


(from: wikipedia - pisometacarpal ligament)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Soma

Yucatán

We just learned about the Mexican state of Tabasco where the Spanish first landed in Mexico.

Another state in Mexico is Yucatán.

This state is on north end of the bottom tail of Mexico, right on the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.


(from: wikipedia - yucatán)

Yucatán's coat of arms is green and yellow.
It shows a deer for the native Mayan people, jumping over an agave plant which grows in the area.
On the top and bottom are Mayan arches, and the left and right are Spanish towers, for the two different people that live there.


(from: wikipedia - yucatán)

There are ancient buildings in the city of Chichen Itza, like an ancient pyramid nicknamed "el castillo" which means "the castle"


(from: wikipedia - el castillo, chichen itza)

In Cuzuma and some other cities are some caves on the water that people can go tour.

(from: wikipedia - yucatán)

Another big pyramid on Yucatán is the Pyramid of the Magician in the town of Uxmal, which is over 13 stories tall.
The name of the pyramid comes from old legends that said a magician built it in one night.

(from: wikipedia - pyramid of the magician)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Klamath-Siskyou Mountains

Rose of Lima

We just learned about the nun Clare of Assisi.

Another famous nun was Rose of Lima, who was born in the country of Peru, and spent her whole life helping to take care of sick and poor people.

She was a member of what is called the Dominican Order, which was a group started by a Spanish priest named Dominic around 1200 AD.


(from: wikipedia - rose of lima)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Joshua

Woman of Samaria - Rinehart

We just learned about the statue of Benjamin Franklin by Hiram Powers in the US in 1862.

Another neoclassical sculpture is the Woman of Samaria, sculpted by William Henry Rinehart in Washington DC, in 1859.

William Henry Rinehart was born in Maryland, and grew up as a farmer. When he was about 20 years old he got another job as a helper to a stone-cutter, where he studied sculpture.

At 30, he moved to Italy to learn more about sculpture, and did some marble reliefs. He came back to the US a few years later and opened his own studio where he made a lot of marble and bronze sculptures for the US Capitol of Washington D.C.

Eventually he moved back to Italy and lived the rest of his life in Rome.

This famous sculpture of his is of the woman in the book of John in the Bible who came to the well to get water, and she met Jesus.
He asks her to get him some water, and then tells her he can give her eternal life.


(from: wikipedia - william henry rinehart)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Cloister's Cross