Straight Peen Hammer

We've learned about the Ball Peen Hammer and the Cross Peen Hammer.

Another type of blacksmithing hammer is the Straight Peen Hammer.

This is used just like the cross peen hammer, but in the other direction.
The cross peen hammer has a sideways line that makes a cross shape with the handle.
The straight peen hammer is lined up straight with the hammer handle.


(from: wikipedia - hammer)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Thundersnow

Savu Python

We just learned about the Fox Snake.

Another type of snake is the Savu Python also known as the Liasis Mackloti Savuensis.

These snakes come from the Island of Savu in Indonesia, and are not venomous.

When they are young, they start out as a bright orange color, and when they are grown up they are a speckled dark brown with white eyes.


(from: wikipedia - liasis mackloti savuensis)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Cocker Spaniel

Foramen Magnum

We just learned about the Spinal Cord.

Where the spinal cord connects to the brain, there is a hole in the bottom of the skull.
That hole is called the Foramen Magnum which means Great Hole.


(from: wikipedia - foramen magnum)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Great Saphenous Vein

Shishapangma

We just learned about the mountain peak Gasherbrum II.

The next highest mountain peak is Shishapangma in Tibet.

This mountain is the shortest of the 14 mountain peaks in the world that are over 8,000 meters tall.
These mountains are sometimes called the "eight-thousanders".
It was the last of this group to be climbed, because the countries that control where it is did not want people visiting.

Some people think the name means "Crest above the grassy plain", and other people think it means "Meat of the dead animals and malty dregs" named after a story of people who were stranded in the mountains.

It is also known as Gosainthan which means "place of the saint".


(from: wikipedia - shishapangma)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Utah

The Good Shepherd

We just learned about the Christian symbol of the Iota Chi - IX Monogram.

Another Christian Symbol is the Good Shepherd.

In the Bible, Jesus Christ is called the Good Shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep.


(from: wikipedia - good shepherd)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Paul's Letters

Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus

We just learned about the Alexander Sarcophagus sculpture.

A famous sculpture from the Roman art period is the Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus.

It is split up into three parts.

The first part on the left is the census, where the Roman person in charge took notes of every person in town, where they lived and what they did.


(from: wikipedia - altar of domitius ahenobarbus)

The second part is where some animals are being given as sacrifices to the mythical Roman gods.


(from: wikipedia - altar of domitius ahenobarbus)

The last part on the right is soldiers with horses.


(from: wikipedia - altar of domitius ahenobarbus)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Le Pont de Moret, effet d’orage - Sisley

Italian - Counting to Forty Nine

We counted to 39 in Italian, let's keep going!

40 Quaranta - sounds like koo-ah-dah-n-tah /?/
41 quarantuno - sounds like koo-ah-dah-n-too-noh /?/
42 quarantadue - sounds like koo-ah-dah-n-tah-doo-ay /?/
43 quarantatre - sounds like koo-ah-dah-n-tah-t-day /?/
44 quarantaquattro - sounds like koo-ah-dah-n-tah-koo-ah-t-doh /?/
45 quarantacinque - sounds like koo-ah-dah-n-tah-chee-n-koo-ay /?/
46 quarantasei - sounds like koo-ah-dah-n-tah-say-ee /?/
47 quarantasette - sounds like koo-ah-dah-n-tah-say-tay /?/
48 quarantotto - sounds like koo-ah-dah-n-tah-oh-toh /?/
49 quarantanove - sounds like koo-ah-dah-n-tah-noh-vay /?/


(from: wikipedia - Goethe Institute)


German:
vierzig, einundvierzig, zweiundvierzig, dreiundvierzig, vierundvierzig, fünfundvierzig, sechsundvierzig, siebenundvierzig, achtundvierzig, neunundvierzig

Spanish:
quarenta, quarenta y uno, quarenta y dos, quarenta y tres, quarenta y cuatro, quarenta y cinco, quarenta y seis, quarenta y siete, quarenta y ocho, quarenta y nueve

French:
quarante, quarante et un, quarante-deux, quarante-trois, quarante-quatre, quarante-cinq, quarante-six, quarante-sept, quarante-huit, quarante-neuf

Cross Peen Hammer

We just learned about the ball peen hammer.

Another type of hammer used in smithing is the cross peen hammer.

This hammer has a flat head on one side, and a sharp line on the other.
It is used to put indentations in the metal, and spreads the metal out.


(from: wikipedia - hammer)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Thunder

Fox Snake

We just learned about the King Cobra.

Another type of snake is the Eastern Fox Snake.

This snake is not venomous, lives mostly on the ground, and hunts mostly small mice that it squeezes with constriction and then eats.
In the winter time since it lives in cold areas it will sometimes live in dens with other snakes to stay warm, even if they are not the same type of snake.

This snake looks a lot like the Massasauga rattlesnake and sometimes for self defense it will shake its tail like a rattler to make people scared that it is dangerous.

Unfortunately a lot of people have killed the Fox Snake thinking it was a dangerous Massasauga, so there are not many of them left.

The Fox Snake gets its name because when it is picked up it lefts off a musky smell that smells kind of like the red fox.
(from: wikipedia - fox snake)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Boxer

Spinal Cord

We just learned about all the parts of the Brain,
like the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and limbic system.

The other main part of the Central Nervous System is the spinal cord.

This is like a big thick bundle of wires that goes down your neck, and down your back.
It sends and receives information from every part of your body to your brain.


(from: wikipedia - spinal cord)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Dorsal Venous Arch

Gasherbrum II

We just learned about the Broad Peak.

The next highest mountain peak is Gasherbrum II, also known as K4,
on the border between Pakistan and China.

It is part of the Gasherbrum mountains in the Karakoram mountain range, along with Broad Peak and Gasherbrum I.

The name comes from the words beautiful and mountain.


(from: wikipedia - gasherbrum ii)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Texas

Iota Chi - IX Monogram

We just learned about the Christian Symbol of Iota Eta - IH Monogram.

Another Christian symbol is the Iota Chi - IX Monogram.

The Greek letter Iota (Ι) is the first letter in the Greek spelling for Jesus: ἸΗΣΟῦΣ
and the Greek letter Chi (Χ) is the first letter in the Greek spelling for Christ: ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ

So Iota and Chi were crossed together mean Jesus Christ.


(from: wikipedia - christian symbolism)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Saul's Conversion

Alexander Sarcophagus

We just learned about the sculpture Lady in Blue.

Another famous sculpture is the Alexander Sarcophagus.

A sarcophagus is like a very fancy coffin, a place where the body of someone rich or powerful was buried after they died.
If someone was very famous, their sarcophagus would have a lot of art and sculptures on it.

This one was made of marble, and has some marks on it showing that it was painted in color long ago but has faded.

The carvings tell a story of Alexander the Great fighting the Persians, over 2,300 years ago.



(from: wikipedia - alexander sarcophagus)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Le Boulevard de Montmartre, Matinée de Printemps - Pissarro

Italian - Counting to Thirty Nine

We counted to 29 in Italian, let's keep going!

30 Trenta - sounds like t-day-n-tah /?/
31 trentuno - sounds like t-day-n-too-noh /?/
32 trentadue - sounds like t-day-n-tah-doo-ay /?/
33 trentatré - sounds like t-day-n-tah-t-day /?/
34 trentaquattro - sounds like t-day-n-tah-koo-ah-t-doh /?/
35 trentacinque - sounds like t-day-n-tah-chee-n-koo-ay-ee /?/
36 trentasei - sounds like t-day-n-tah-say-ee /?/
37 trentasette - sounds like t-day-n-tah-say-tay /?/
38 trentotto - sounds like t-day-n-toh-toh /?/
39 trentanove - sounds like t-day-n-tah-noh-vay /?/


(from: wikipedia - Goethe Institute)

German:
einunddreißig, zweiunddreißig, dreiunddreißig, vierunddreißig, fünfunddreißig, sechsunddreißig, siebenunddreißig, achtunddreißig, neununddreißig

Spanish:
treinta y uno, treinta y dos, treinta y tres, treinta y cuatro, treinta y cinco, treinta y seis, treinta y siete, treinta y ocho, treinta y nueve

French:
trente et un, trente-deux, trente-trois, trente-quatre, trente-cinq, trente-six, trente-sept, trente-huit, trente-neuf

Ball-peen Hammer

We just learned about the Anvil - Pritchel Hole.

When a blacksmith has a piece of hot metal, there are a few different types of hammers they can use.

One is called a ball-peen hammer.
This hammer has one flat side, and one rounded ball shaped side.

Peening metal means to hit the metal with a hammer to bend or shape it.
Because the one side of the ball-peen hammer is ball shaped, it will bend and shape the metal differently than a flat hammer.

The ball shaped side has a few different uses.
It can be used to make small marks in the metal for a different look.
It can help hammer small nails called rivets into holes.
It can help mush the metal up against corner pieces.


(from: wikipedia - ball-peen hammer)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Lightning Rod

King Cobra

We just learned about the Jamaican Boa.

Another type of snake is the king cobra.

This is the longest venomous snake in the world, and can grow up to 18 feet long.
They have a great sense of smell and can smell their prey from 300 feet away.
When they get upset, they will stand up and flare out the hood on their head to look bigger.


(from: wikipedia - king cobra)


On the back of their head they have yellow stripes in an upside down V shape, called a chevron.


(from: wikipedia - king cobra)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Scottish Terrier

Limbic System

We just learned about Midbrain.

Another part of the brain is the limbic system.

This part of the brain helps control the movement, feelings, learning and memories.


(from: wikipedia - limbic system)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Metatarsal Veins

Broad Peak

We just learned about the mountain peak Gasherbrum I.

The next highest mountain is Broad Peak in Pakistan and China.

It has this name because the mountain peak is almost a mile long.


(from: wikipedia - broad peak)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Tennessee

Iota Eta - IH Monogram

We just learned about the Christian symbol Chi Rho.

Another Christian symbol is the Iota Eta, also called the IH Monogram.

In Greek, Jesus is spelled ἸΗΣΟῦΣ.

Ἰ - Iota
Η - Eta
Σ - Sigma
Ο - Omicron
ῦ - Upsilon
Σ - Sigma

Iota is like an I, and Eta is like an H.
Sometimes people would combine the ἸΗ into one symbol to mean Jesus.



(from: wikipedia - christian symbolism)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Philip and the Ethiopian

Lady in Blue

We just learned about Athena Parthenos.

Another famous Hellenistic Greek sculpture is the Lady In Blue, also known as Dame en Bleu.

This type of sculpture is called a Tanagra figurine, because it was made in a town of Tanagra Greece, where artists made many of the same type of sculpture long ago.

The sculptures were painted with a liquid white coating, and then painted over with other colors like blue, red, pink, yellow or brown.

The tanagra figurines were sculptures of real women and men just wearing normal clothes, with hats, wreaths or fans.
They were made in layers, so there would be a sculpture for the clothing that was made over top of the sculpture of the person.


(from: wikipedia - tanagra figurine)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Woman with a bag - Schmidt-Rottluff

Italian - Counting to Twenty nine

We counted to 20 in Italian, let's keep going!

21 ventuno - sounds like vay-n-too-noh /?/
22 ventidue - sounds like vay-n-tee-doo /?/
23 ventitré - sounds like vay-n-tee-t-day /?/
24 ventiquattro - sounds like vay-n-tee-koo-ah-t-doh /?/
25 venticinque - sounds like vay-n-tee-chee-n-koo-ay-ee /?/
26 ventisei - sounds like vay-n-tee-say-ee /?/
27 ventisette - sounds like vay-n-tee-set-ay-ee /?/
28 ventotto - sounds like vay-n-tee-oh-toh /?/
29 ventinove - sounds like vay-n-tee-noh-vay /?/


(from: wikipedia - Goethe Institute)

German:
einundzwanzig, zweiundzwanzig, dreiundzwanzig, vierundzwanzig, fünfundzwanzig, sechsundzwanzig, siebenundzwanzig, achtundzwanzig, neunundzwanzig

Spanish:
veintiún, veintidós, veintitrés, veinticuatro, veinticinco, veintiséis, veintisiete, veintiocho, veintinueve

French:
vingt et un, vingt-deux, vingt-trois, vingt-quatre, vingt-cinc, vingt-six, vingt-sept, vingt-huit, vingt-neuf

Anvil - Pritchel Hole

We just learned about the Anvil - Hardy Hole.

Another part of the anvil is the Pritchel Hole.

This is a small round hole by the edge, used to punch holes in the metal.
The blacksmith would put the piece of metal over the hole, then hold a tool like a nail over the metal and hit it with a hammer to make a hole in the metal.

(from: wikipedia - anvil)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Lightning Strikes - Trees

Jamaican Boa

We just learned about the Black Rat Snake.

Another type of snake is the Jamaican Boa.

This snake is not venomous, it is a boa so it uses its body to crush prey.
It is golden yellow around the head and middle, with black zig zags, and it turns black towards the tail.
It can grow up to around 6 feet.

The forest where these snakes live is being destroyed, so there are not many of them left.


(from: wikipedia - jamaican boa)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: German Shepherd

Midbrain

We just learned about the Forebrain.

Another part of the brain is called the midbrain.

This part of the brain helps control your seeing, hearing, movement, sleeping and how hot or cold you feel.


(from: wikipedia - midbrain)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Plantar and Dorsal Digital Veins

Gasherbrum I

We just learned about the mountain peak Annapurna Massif.

The next highest mountain peak is Gasherbrum I in China.
It's name means Beautiful Mountain.
It's also known as Hidden Peak or K5.

The name Hidden Peak is because the mountain peak is very far away from any nearby towns or cities.


(from: wikipedia - gasherbrum i)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: South Dakota

Chi-Rho

We just learned about Staurogram.

Another Christian symbol is the Chi-Rho.

In the Greek language, the name for Christ was spelled ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ, and sounded like "Christos".
Χ - Chi
Ρ - Rho
Ι - Iota
Σ - Sigma
Τ - Tau
Ο - Omicron
Σ - Sigma

The first two letters Chi and Rho, ΧΡ, were put together as a symbol to mean Christ.

Over 1,500 years ago one of the Emperors of Rome named Constantine became a Christian, and he had his armies put the Chi Rho symbol on their shields and armor to show that he was fighting for Christ.


(from: wikipedia - chi rho)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Choosing of Stephen

Athena Parthenos - Phidias

We just learned about Statue of Zeus at Olympia.

Another famous sculpture from ancient Greece is the Athena Parthenos.

This was also made by the famous sculptor Phidias, who made the famous Zeus statue.
It was over 70 feet tall, and made of ivory and gold.
A fancy word for a statue made of ivory and gold is Chryselephantine.
The arms and face were made of ivory, and the gown and other parts were gold.

When the Romans came and took over, they destroyed the statue, but there were many writings about it, and some drawings.


(from: wikipedia - athena parthenos)

Some people have tried to make statues just like the old one to put in museums.


(from: wikipedia - athena parthenos)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Broadway Boogie Woogie - Mondrian

Italian - Counting to Twenty

We counted to 15 in Italian, let's keep going!

16 sedici - sounds like say-dee-chee /?/
17 diciassette - sounds like dee-cha-set-tay /?/
18 diciotto - sounds like dee-chee-oh-toh /?/
19 diciannove - sounds like dee-chee-ah-noh-vay /?/
20 venti - sounds like vay-n-tee /?/



(from: wikipedia - accademia della crusca)

German:
sechzehn, siebzehn, achtzehn, neunzehn, zwanzig

Spanish:
dieciséis, diecisiete, dieciocho, diecinueve, veinte

French:
seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt