Greek: His face is rough

We just learned in Greek her hands are soft is Τα χέρια της είναι μαλακά (Ta chéria tis eínai malaká).

To say his face is rough you would say Το πρόσωπό του είναι τραχύ (To prósopó tou eínai trachý).
That really says the face his is rough.

We can break it up into five words:

The - Το (To) - sounds like toh
face - πρόσωπό (prósopó) - sounds like p-DOH-soh-POH
his - του (tou) - sounds like too
is - είναι (eínai) - sounds like EE-nay
rough - τραχύ (trachý) - sounds like t-dah-HEE


So all together Το πρόσωπό του είναι τραχύ (To prósopó tou eínai trachý) sounds like toh p-DOH-soh-POH too EE-nay t-dah-HEE.


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)

ASL: His face is rough

Italian: il suo volto è ruvida

German: Sein Gesicht ist rau.

Spanish: Su cara es áspera

French: Son visage est rude

Rocket Engine Nozzle

We just learned about Gas Rocket Propellants.

Another part of rocket science is the Rocket Engine Nozzle.

When the rocket propellant is burning up coming out of the rocket, the nozzle makes it so that it pushes out very fast and very strong, by putting some pressure right at the end of the rocket.

This is kind of like putting your finger over the end of a water hose, to make the water spray farther.

The shape and size of the nozzle is very important.
It has to be just the right size to get the most thrust and use up just the right amount of fuel.



(from: wikipedia - rocket engine nozzle)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Boring

Argonaut Octopus

We just learned about the Bigfin Reef Squid.

Another type of cephalopod is the Argonaut Octopus.

These octopuses are sometimes called a "paper nautilus" because the female argonaut will make a hard shell to lay their eggs in, and they will have part of their body in this shell, curled up and looking like a nautilus.

They lay their eggs in the shell, and then sometimes even after the eggs hatch they keep the shell and live in it.

The male argonaut does not have a shell. Both the males and females have eight arms just like all other octopuses.


(from: wikipedia - argonaut (animal))


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Mimic Poison Frog & Splash-back poison frog

Metatarsal Ligaments

We just learned about the Distal Intertarsal Ligaments.

Another group of connective tissue in the foot is called the Metatarsal ligaments.

The metatarsal bones are the long bones in your foot between your ankle and your toes.
There are five metatarsal bones, one for each toe.

The metatarsals have ligaments connecting them to the ankle bones, to each other, and to the toe bones.


- Tarsometatarsal - Connects the tarsus (ankle) to the metatarsals (foot) on plantar (bottom) and dorsal (top).

- Intermetatarsal - Connects the metatarsal (foot) bones to themselves, on dorsal (top), plantar (bottom) and interosseous (in between) and transverse (across).

- Metatarsophalangeal - Connects the metatarsal (foot) bones to the phalanges (toe) bones, on plantar (bottom) and side (collateral).


(from: wikipedia - tarsometatarsal joints)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Adnexa

Alcázar of Segovia

We just learned about Neuschwanstein Castle in Germany.

Another famous castle is Alcázar of Segovia.

This castle has been built and rebuilt in parts over hundreds of years by different people, from the Romans to the Spaniards.

It's been used as a fortress, a royal palace, a prison and military school.
Now it is a museum for people to come visit and look at.

In 1474, Queen Isabella I was crowned as queen in this castle.

In the room called the Hall of Kings, there are 52 sculptures of the different kings that ruled over the land for hundreds of years.






(from: wikipedia - alcázar of segovia)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Ozarks

Timon

We just learned about Nicanor, one of the Seventy Disciples.

Another of the seventy was Timon.

Just like Nicanor, Prochorus and Stephen, Timon was one of the seven people that the Apostles chose to help watch over the poor people of Jerusalem.


(from: wikipedia - seven deacons)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Psalms

Jade Burial Suits

We just learned about the Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng.

Another ancient Chinese work of art is the Jade Burial Suit.

In ancient times in China, people believed that if you were buried in a suit of Jade after you died, it could help you in the afterlife, and protect you from evil.

Jade is expensive, so only the truly rich people like princes or emperors could afford to be covered in a whole suit of jade.
Usually it was small squares of jade with holes in the edges and string used to tie them all together.
Sometimes there was artwork or carvings in the jade.


(from: wikipedia - jade burial suit)


(from: wikipedia - jade burial suit)


(from: wikipedia - jade burial suit)


(from: wikipedia - jade burial suit)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Casket with Scenes of Romances

Greek - Her hands are soft

We just learned in Greek our table is short is Το τραπέζι μας είναι σύντομο (To trapézi mas eínai sýntomo).

To say her hands are soft you would say Τα χέρια της είναι μαλακά (Ta chéria tis eínai malaká).
We're really saying "The hands hers are soft".

We can break it up into five words:

The - Τα (Ta) - sounds like lay tah
hands - χέρια (chéria) - sounds like CHAY-dee-ah
hers - της (tis) - sounds like tee-ss
are - είναι (eínai) - sounds like EE-nay
soft - μαλακά (malaká) - sounds like mah-lah-KAH


So all together Τα χέρια της είναι μαλακά (Ta chéria tis eínai malaká) sounds like tah CHAY-dee-ah EE-nay mah-lah-KAH.


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)

ASL: ASL: Her hands are soft

Italian: Le sue mani sono morbide

German: Ihre Hände sind weich

Spanish: Sus manos estan suaves

French: Ses mains sont douces

Gas Rocket Propellants

We just learned about the Solid and Liquid Rocket Propellants.

Another type of propellant is Gas Rocket Propellant.

This type of propellant is the easiest to control the exact amount of fuel burned and the exact amount of thrust created.
To keep the gas stored safely and under pressure, the fuel tank in the rocket has to be very heavy, so gas is not usually used for the bigger rockets.
Gas has been used the most for little rockets that just change the direction of a rocket to the left or right.
Small rocket thrusters called Vernier Thrusters were on the sides of rockets like the SM-65 Atlas, to help it go in the right direction.


(from: wikipedia - vernier thruster)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Swarf

Bigfin Reef Squid

We just learned about the Flamboyant Cuttlefish.

Another type of cephalopod is the Bigfin Reef Squid.

These squids get their name from the big fin on their mantle that goes all the way around it.
With their shape and the way they swim, sometimes people think they are cuttlefish.

They grow to around 13 inches in just a few months, and they only live for less than a year.

Their body has a lot of different colors, and can be white, yellow, pink, brown or purple.
Sometimes when light is shined on them their body will reflect white, green or red, but they do not glow in the dark like some other cephalopods.

Because these squids grow very fast, there are people out there who try to have squid farms in the ocean, almost like cows, chicken or pigs.



(from: wikipedia - bigfin reef squid)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Golden Poison Frog

Distal Intertarsal Ligaments

We just learned about the Transverse Tarsal Ligaments.

Another group of ligaments in the foot is the Distal Intertarsal Ligaments.

Just like the transverse tarsal ligaments, these connect the foot bones in your foot together.
Even though your foot is not that big, there are seven bones from your heel to the middle of your foot, and that doesn't even include the longer bones in your foot that connect to your toes!

The distal intertarsal ligaments connect the bones that are past your heel and your main foot bone. The 3 cuneiform bones, the navicular bone and the cuboid bone are the smaller bones right before the longer metatarsal bones in your foot.

They are named for plantar (bottom), dorsal (top) or inter/interosseous (in between).
Cuneonavicular - Connects your cuneiform to navicular. (plantar and dorsal)
Cuboideonavicular - Connects your cuboid to navicular. (plantar and dorsal)
Intercuneiform - Connects your 3 cuneiform bones together. (plantar, dorsal and interosseous)


(from: wikipedia - plantar calcaneonavicular)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Hypodermis

Neuschwanstein Castle

We just learned about all 31 Mexico states and Mexico city!.

Let's learn about some of the awesome castles all over the world.

One of the most famous castles in the world is Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria Germany, built in the late 1800s.

This castle was started by the king of Bavaria named Ludwig II.
Ludwig was fascinated by art, music and buildings, and so he decided to build an amazing castle.

When Ludwig II was growing up, there were two castles next to each other with a river in between, but they had mostly fallen apart.
After he became king at age 18, he spent most of his money for about 20 years paying hundreds of workers to make this castle.
It is over 213 feet tall, and has over 65,000 square feet of space on the inside.

The Sleeping Beauty Castle in Disneyland was made to look like the Neuschwanstein Castle.

During World War II, the Nazis had stolen a lot of famous artwork from other countries, and they were using this castle to store thousands of paintings, sculptures and other works of art.
Toward the end of the war when the Nazis were losing, the Nazis made a plan to blow up the whole castle and destroy all the artwork.
Luckily the Allied forces showed up before they were able to destroy it, and they saved the castle and all the artwork.





(from: wikipedia - neuschwanstein castle)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: U.S. Interior Highlands

Nicanor

We just learned about Prochorus, one of the Seventy Disciples.

Another of the seventy was Nicanor.

Just like Prochorus and Stephen, Nicanor was one of the seven people that the Apostles chose to help watch over the poor people of Jerusalem.


(from: wikipedia - nicanor the deacon)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Esther

Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng

We just learned about the Leshan Giant Buddha.

Another ancient Chinese sculpture is the Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng.

This is a group of 64 bells called bianzhong, made of bronze.
These bells are hung into eight groups, and split up on three levels.

The biggest bell is over 60 inches tall and weighs over 400 pounds.
The smallest bell is 8 inches tall and weighs about 5 pounds.

The musicians who play these bells use wooden hammers to hit them to make sounds.

The Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng were found in 1978, in the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng, a ruler from around 400 BC.



(from: wikipedia - bianzhong)

Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Virgin and Child from the Sainte-Chapelle

Greek - Our table is short

We just learned in Greek:
this chair is small is Η καρέκλα είναι μικρή (I karékla eínai mikrí),
my drink is cold is Το ποτό μου είναι κρύο (To potó mou eínai krýo),
your food is hot is Το φαγητό είναι ζεστό (To fagitó eínai zestó),
and their car is tall is Το αυτοκίνητό τους είναι ψηλό (To aftokínitó tous eínai psiló).

To say our table is short you would say Το τραπέζι μας είναι σύντομο (To trapézi mas eínai sýntomo).

This is really saying the table ours is short.

We can break it up like this:

The - Το (To) - sounds like toh
table - τραπέζι (trapézi) - sounds like t-dah-PAY-zee
ours - μας (mas) - Sounds like mah-ss
is - είναι (eínai) - Sounds like EE-nay
short - σύντομο (sýntomo) - Sounds like SEE-n-toh-moh

So all together To say our table is short you would say Το τραπέζι μας είναι σύντομο (To trapézi mas eínai sýntomo) sounds like toh t-dah-PAY-zee mah-ss EE-nay SEE-n-toh-moh.


(from: wikipedia - center for the greek language)

ASL: Our table is short

Italian: Il nostro tavolo è breve

German: Unser Tisch ist kurz

Spanish: Nuestra mesa es bajo

French: Notre table est courte

Liquid Rocket Propellants

We just learned about the Solid Rocket Propellants.

Another type of propellant is Liquid Rocket Propellants.

These can be made up of liquids like gasoline, kerosene or alcohol that are liquids at regular temperatures.
They can also be things that are liquids at really cold temperatures like liquid oxygen, or liquid hydrogen.

The good thing about liquid propellants is that they are lighter than solid ones, so a rocket doesn't have to try as hard to push itself along.
The bad thing is that sometimes they have to be stored very cold in a very high pressure container, and sometimes the liquids can cause problems and eat away at the metals and rubbers that they are stored in.

The first person to make a liquid fueled rocket was Robert H. Goddard, who used gasoline and liquid oxygen to launch a rocket in 1926 in Massachusetts.


(from: wikipedia - robert h. goddard)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Threading

Flamboyant Cuttlefish

We just learned about the Orthoceras.

Another type of cephalopod is the Flamboyant Cuttlefish, also known as Metasepia pfefferi.

These cuttlefish are very small, only about 3 inches long.
They are very brightly colored, and also just as poisonous as the blue ringed octopus!
Like other cuttlefish it has a cuttlebone inside its body that it uses to help it swim, but its cuttlebone is very small, so it mostly just walks around on the bottom of the sea.

It is usually a dark brown color, but when it is attacked it changes its colors to patterns of black, dark brown, white, red and yellow.
When it is walking along the sea floor it waves around its red tipped upper arms to try and tell predators that it is poisonous.


(from: wikipedia - metasepia pfefferi)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Common Suriname Toad

Transverse Tarsal Ligaments

We just learned about the Talocalcaneal Ligaments.

Another bunch of ligaments are the Transverse Tarsal Ligaments.

These are the ligaments that tie a bunch of foot bones together:
- Calcaneus: heel bone
- Talus: ankle bone
- Navicularis: top of foot bone
- Cuboid: outside of foot bone

Remember the location words, like dorsal means on top, plantar means on bottom, bifurcated means split into two.

There are 7 ligaments that tie all these together.
- dorsal talonavicular: Connects the talus to the navicularis on the top.
- plantar calcaneonavicular: Connects the calcaneus to the navicularis on the bottom.
- bifurcated (calcaneonavicular): Splits into two and connects the calcaneus to the navicularis in the middle.
- dorsal calcaneocuboid: Connects the calcaneus to the cuboid on the top.
- long plantar: Connects the calcaneus to the cuboid on the bottom. It is the longest of the foot ligaments.
- plantar calcaneocuboid: Connects the calcaneus to the cuboid on the bottom. It is shorter than the long plantar and connects at a different spot.
- bifurcated (calcaneocuboid): Splits into two and connects the calcaneus to the cuboid bone in the middle.


(from: wikipedia - plantar calacneonavicular ligament)


(from: wikipedia - navicular bone)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Dermis

Baja California Sur

We just learned about the Mexico state of Colima.

Another Mexico state is Baja California Sur.

This state is a peninsula, just south of the Mexico state of Baja California.
It has the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Gulf of California to the east.


(from: wikipedia - baja california sur)

The coat of arms of Baja California has four fish on the outside, and a seashell in the middle for the sea around the state.


(from: wikipedia - baja california sur)

The town of Cabo San Lucas is a very popular place to visit, and has a beautiful rock formation called the Arc at Land's End.


(from: wikipedia - cabo san lucas)

The most famous beach at Cabo San Lucas is Medano, where lots of tourists come to visit.


(from: wikipedia - cabo san lucas)

In the town of La Paz, there is a rock that looks like a tall mushroom now, because the water has washed away the bottom of it.
It is a popular place to take pictures, and some people climbed up on the rock for a picture and it broke and fell down.
Because it was such a famous rock, the town put it back up and fixed it with some cement.


(from: wikipedia - la paz, baja california sur)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Sierra Madre Oriental

Prochorus

We just learned about Philip the Evangelist, one of the Seventy Disciples.

Another of the seventy was Prochorus.

In Jerusalem the Apostles chose seven people to help watch over the poor people of Jerusalem.
Prochorus was one of the seven chosen, along with Saint Stephen that we already learned about.


(from: wikipedia - prochorus (deacon))


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Josiah

Leshan Giant Buddha

We just learned about the Tang Dynasty Tomb Figures of Liu Tingxun.

Another work of ancient Chinese art is the Leshan Giant Buddha.

This is a statue of Buddha over 230 feet tall, built around 713 AD.
It was carved out of a cliff face made of red sandtones.
This is the largest stone statue of Buddha in the world, and when it was built it was the largest statue in the world.

The statue has pipes on the inside of the body, to help drain water when it rains so that the water doesn't damage the statue over the hundreds of years.


(from: wikipedia - leshan giant buddha)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Scaliger Tombs