Cephalopod Eyes

We just learned about the Cephalopod - Suckers.

Another different part of a cephalopid is the Cephalopod Eyes.

Different cephalopods have different shaped eyes.
Like some octopus have dumbbell shaped eyes, some squids have oval shaped eyes, cuttlefish have W shaped eyes, and nautilus have pinhole shaped eyes.

The one thing cephalopods have the same is that they can all see very well in the dark, but they can't see different colors very well.
Their eyes are built a lot like human eyes, but where our eyes block a lot of light, theirs let in as much as possible so that they can see in the very dark depths of the ocean.





(from: wikipedia - cephalopod eye)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Yellow Spotted Climbing Toad

Dental Alveoli

We just learned about the Amelogenesis.

Another part of the mouth is the Dental Alveoli, also known as the tooth sockets.

These are the part of the jaw that holds on to the roots of the teeth to keep them from wiggling around.


(from: wikipedia - dental alveolus)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Sternoclavicular Ligaments

Potala Palace

We just learned about the Forbidden City.

Another famous palace is the Potala Palace, built in 1645 AD in Tibet.

This palace is 1,300 feet by 1,150 feet wide, and the palace goes 980 feet high where it is built on top of a big hill called "Marpo Ri" which means Red Hill.
It has over 1,000 rooms, 10,000 shrines and about 200,000 statues.

The spiritual ruler of Tibet is known as the Dalai Lama, and for about 300 years the Dalai Lamas lived in this palace, until there was a war.
Now it is a museum where people can visit and go inside.

The palace is named after Mount Potalaka, which some people believe is a hidden magical mountain somewhere in India.

The main part of the palace is called the "Red Palace" where the main halls and shrines are where the Dalia Lama lived.



(from: wikipedia - potala palace)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Baja California

Christian Name

We just learned about the Split of Christianity and Judaism.

Another part of Christian hisorty is the Christian Name.

The word Christian wasn't a word until Jesus came around. Christian comes from Christ, which comes from the Greek word χριστός (christos) which was the Greek translation of the Hebrew word מָשִׁיחַ‎ (māšîaḥ) which means the messiah, the savior and liberator of the people.

After Jesus came around and had some followers, people started calling them Christians, but it wasn't always used as a nice word.
This mostly started in a town called Antioch, where they called the Apostles Christians.
There were many people who didn't like the followers of Jesus, so calling someone a Christian meant they were trying to call them names, or say that they weren't good people.
Later on some very important Christians like Ignatius of Antioch took on the name with honor, and it became a good word to use.

People also sometimes called Christians Nazarenes, because Jesus was from the town of Nazareth.
Other times people would talk about the Christian belief as "The Way" because of Jesus talking about "I am the way, the truth, and the life."


(from: wikipedia - christians)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Mount Athos

Seated Yuima - Jōkei

We just learned about the Amitabha Triad of Jōdo-ji - Kaikei.

Another ancient Japanese sculpture is the Seated Yuima - Jōkei.

Yuima was another name used for Buddha long ago.

Jōkei was also from the Kei school, like Jōchō, Kōkei, Unkei and Kaikei.
He worked alongside Unkei, and some people believe that he may have also been Kōkei's son, just like Unkei was.

Jōkei carved this statue over 56 days out of colored wood, using a type of wood-block sculpture called yosegi.
You can see the chair that the Yuima is sitting in is made out of many small colored blocks.
The sculptures eyes are made out of sculpted crystal.



(from: wikipedia - jōkei (sculptor))


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Character Heads - Messerschmidt

Norwegian - Dog, Cat

We just learned that to ask if someone speaks Norwegian you say Kan du norsk?.

To say dog in Norwegian, you say hund and it sounds like hoo-un-d  

To say cat in Norwegian, you say katt and it sounds like kah-t  



(from: wikipedia - norwegian language)

Greek: σκύλος (skýlos), γάτα (gáta)

ASL: dog, cat

Italian: cane, gatto

German: Hunt, Katze

Spanish: perro, gato

French: chien, chat

Jules Verne - From the Earth to the Moon

We just learned about the HMS Erebus Rockets.

Another part of rocket science history is the book Jules Verne - From the Earth to the Moon.

In the late 1800s the famous science fiction writers Jules Verne and H. G. Wells wrote books about things that might happen in the future like rockets or space travel.

Because of some of these books, many other people came up with scientific inventions that helped make better science for how to shoot rockets.


(from: wikipedia - de la tierra a la luna)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Megathrust

Cephalopod - Suckers

We just learned about the Cephalopod Tentacle Hooks.

Another part of cephalopods is the Suckers.

Octopuses, squids and cuttlefish have suckers along the inside of their arms, and squids and cuttlefish have suckers at the end of their tentacles.

The outside of the suckers are usually shaped like a circular bowl.
The cephalopods have muscles below their suckers, that they use to make the suckers grab their prey.








(from: wikipedia - cephalopod limb)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Square Marked Toad

Amelogenesis

We just learned about the Tooth - Bell Stage.

Another part of a tooth growing is the Amelogenesis.

This is also called the Crown Stage or Advanced Bell Stage, and it is when the bell of the tooth starts to actually make the enamel that will be the hard outside of the tooth.


(from: wikipedia - human tooth development)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Posterior Sacroiliac Ligament

Forbidden City

We just learned about Westminster in Great Britain where the palace is.

Another famous palace is the Forbidden City built in 1420 AD in Beijing China.

The Forbidden City was the home of Chinese emperors and their families for almost 500 years.
It has 980 buildings with over 8,000 rooms, and covers over 180 acres of land.

It took 14 years to build, and more than a million workers.
Forbidden City is inside a larger walled city called Imperial City, which is inside a larger city called Inner City, and just south of Inner City is Outer City.

It has a 26 foot high wall around the city, with a 171 foott wide moat that is 20 feet deep.
There are towers at each of the corners of the rectangular city, and gates on each of the walls.
Inside are almost 20 different large palaces, with the biggest one being the Hall of Supreme Harmony.

All of the palaces have very nice names like Palace of Universal Happiness, and the Palace of Heavenly Purity.

The palace had some tough times during wars, but now it is taken care of by the museum owners of China.







(from: wikipedia - forbidden city)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Tamaulipas

Split of Christianity and Judaism

We just learned about the Apostolic Age.

Another part of early Christian history was the Split of Christianity and Judaism.

Remember that Jesus was one of the Hebrew people also known as Jewish people.
Some people even called him king of the Jews, and many of his followers were Jewish people.

After Jesus died, people didn't think of themselves and Christians.
They still believed in the things that happened long before, like the days of Abraham, Moses or King David.
Some of them followed the teachings of Jesus, and others did not, but they did not think of themselves as Christians yet, they were just Jewish people who disagreed about Jesus.
People even went to the same churches and sat next to each other for a very long time.

Around 70 AD there were some wars that happened in the area, and some of the people in charge of the churches changed, and Christianity started to split out as its own different religion separate from Judaism.


(from: wikipedia - split of christianity and judaism)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Bruno of Cologne

Amitabha Triad of Jōdo-ji - Kaikei

We just learned about the Japanese sculpture of Six Patriarchs of Hossō - Kōkei.

Another ancient Japanese sculpture is the Amitabha Triad of Jōdo-ji by Kaikei

Kaikei was also part of the Kei school with the famous artist Unkei we already learned about.
Just like the other Kei school artists, he tried very hard to make his sculptures look very real, with lots of fine details.

This sculpture of his is of Buddha with a lot of gold to make it look very bright and shiny.


(from: wikipedia - jōdo-ji (ono))


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Tomb of Countess of Celles - Kessels

Norwegian - Do you speak Norwegian?

Remember that to say please or you're welcome in Norwegian, you say Vær så snill, Værsågod.

To ask if someone speaks Norwegian, you say Kan du norsk?.

To say yes you would say Ja which sounds like yah  

or to say no you would say Nei which sounds like nay-ee  


(from: wikipedia - norwegian language)

Greek: Μιλατε ελληνικα? (Milate ellinika?)

ASL: Do you speak ASL?

Italian: Parli italiano?

German: Sprechen Sie Deutsch?

Spanish: ¿Hablas español?

French: parlez-vous français?

HMS Erebus Rockets

We just learned about the Congreve Rockets.

Another part of rocket history is the HMS Erebus Rockets.

In 1814 during the war of 1812 fought against the British, a ship called the HMS Erebus had a bunch of Congreve Rockets put into it, and they were shooting them at other British ships.

While this was happening a man named Francis Scott Key was watching, and thought it was so amazing he wrote the Star Spangled Banner, talking about the "Rockets Red Glare".


(from: wikipedia - hms erebus (1807))


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Intraplate Earthquake

Cephalopod - Tentacle Hooks

We just learned about the Cephalopod Arms and Tentacles.

At the end of many squid limbs are Tentacle Hooks.

Different squids have hooks of different shapes, but they use them to grab their prey, hold on to them and pull them to their mouth.



(from: wikipedia - cephalopod limb)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Japanese Tree Frog

Tooth - Bell Stage

We just learned about the Tooth - Cap Stage.

Another part of a tooth growing is the Bell Stage.

The tooth buds that grew into a cap shape keep growing and make more of a bell shape.
Enamel and dentin have started to take shape, and the crown of the tooth has started to take the right shape.


(from: wikipedia - human tooth development)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Costoxiphoid Ligaments

Westminster

We just learned about the Moritzburg Castle.

Another famous palace is the group of them in an area called Westminster.
This is a city within London, England that has the Palace of Westminster, Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey and Westminster Cathedral.

These are all very famous places, that are just down the street from each other.

The Palace of Westminster is where the people meet that make all the laws for the United Kingdom, called Parliament.
It is on the north side of the River Thames, and was built some time around 1000 AD.
There are three large towers, and the one called Elizabeth tower has a big clock in it with a 13 ton bell called "Big Ben" that gongs for the time changes.



(from: wikipedia - palace of westminster)

Buckingham Palace is home of the royal family of the United Kingdom, like kings and queens.
It was built in 1703 AD, and has 775, art galleries and large fancy gardens.
Queen Elizabeth lives there and meets other world leaders like American presidents there.
The palace is also known for its guards who wear red coats and have big fuzzy hats.




(from: wikipedia - buckingham palace)

The two large churches are also right on the street, Westminster Abbey and Westminster Cathedral.

(from: wikipedia - westminster abbey)

(from: wikipedia - westminster cathedral)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Guerrero

Apostolic Age

We just started learning about Christianity After Jesus.

We know a little history from the Bible, with Paul and some other people writing around 21 letters and traveling all over.
Some people call this the Apostolic Age because it's the time when the Apostles were teaching people.

These letters (called epistles) were written to people and churches in towns that the apostles were traveling to, so that they could try and tell people about Jesus.

Paul alone traveled all around the countries on the Mediterranean sea, like Italy, Greece, Israel, Turkey and Syria.
Back in those days it was all part of the Roman empire, but it is now split up into different places.

In those days there was no internet, TV, radio or even newspaper so spreading news around was very difficult.
Many people had probably not even heard of Jesus when Paul came to visit, and he went to different towns where people had all sorts of beliefs in different things and he tried to tell people about Jesus.

The apostles traveled around until some time around 70 AD.


(from: wikipedia - apostolic age)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Benedict of Nursia

Six Patriarchs of Hossō - Kōkei

We just learned about the Japanese sculpture of Byodoin Amitaabha by Jōchō.

Another ancient Japanese sculpture is the Six Patriarchs of Hossō made by Kōkei in 1189.

Hossō is a type of school for people to learn about Buddha, and the six patriarchs were important people who helped teach people.

Kōkei was a descendant of Jōchō, like his grandson or great grandson.
We also learned before about Unkei, and Kokei is Unkei's father.

Kōkei helped lead the school for the type of art called Kei, and he tried to make his sculptures look very real.


(from: wikipedia - kōkei (sculptor))


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: The Prinzessinengruppe - Schadow

Norwegian - Please, You're Welcome

Remember that to say thank you in Norwegian, you say takk.

To say please in Norweian is Vær så snill - vah-r-sah-snee-l.

And to say you're welcome, you say Værsågod - vah-r-sah-goo-d.



(from: wikipedia - norwegian language)

Greek: Παρακαλώ (Parakaló)

ASL: Please, You're Welcome

German: bitte, bitte schön

Spanish: Por favor, de nada

French: s'il vous plait, de rien

Congreve Rockets

We just learned about the Mysorean Rockets.

Another rocket from history was the Congreve Rockets.

During a war between India and Great Britain, the British studied the rockets being used by the Indian military, and worked to make their own rockets to use for battle.

William Congreve came up with a rocket that was used for a long time for battles that used gunpowder to launch and explode when they landed.



(from: wikipedia - congreve rocket)


Kid Facts - Blast from the past: Interplate Earthquake